英文_OECD_经合组织经济调查_芬兰2025_129页_5mb

OECD Economic Surveys: Finland 2025
Volume 2025/11
May 2025

Finland’s Economy and Key Challenges:

• Economic recovery is gradual, with GDP projections indicating slow growth driven by declining interest rates and reduced public debt.
• Fiscal consolidation is under way, but challenges remain due to rising defense spending and aging population.
• Labor market participation, especially among older workers and women with children, needs improvement through family-friendly policies.

Higher Education Attainment:

• Finland’s tertiary education rate has stagnated, lagging Nordic peers.
• Reforms emphasize increasing tuition fees for degrees already obtained, expanding free qualifications, and matching education supply better with demand through vocational training and short-cycle programs.

Attracting Foreign Talent:

• Despite progress in immigration permits, language barriers and limited internship opportunities hinder skill integration.
• Enhancing language support, flexible workplace policies, and smooth transitions for foreign graduates through mentorship and retention incentives can boost talent retention.

Net Zero Transition:

• Finland is not on track to meet its 2035 emissions targets, particularly due to reduced forest carbon sinks and slower LULUCF emissions reductions.
• Accelerating renewable energy investment, refining emissions accounting for green tech innovations like hydrogen, and leveraging EU funds will be essential to meet climate goals and foster sustainable growth.

Key Recommendations:

• Tighten fiscal policy, improve labor market participation, increase higher education places, attract skilled migrants, and fast-track green investments through blended finance models.