2021年美国国家出口报告：过去十年美国对中国的商品和服务出口（英）-美中贸易全国委员会-2021.5-70页_2mb

2021 State Export Report Summary

Core Content

This report provides an overview of US goods and services exports to China over the past decade, highlighting trends, growth, and the impact on US employment. It also includes state-specific data on exports, growth rates, and job support.

Main Points

• 2020 Goods Exports: US goods exports to China increased by 18% compared to 2019, reaching $123 billion. This was the second-highest level in a decade, driven by oilseeds and grains, semiconductors, and oil and gas. Texas and Louisiana saw significant growth in oil and gas exports, while Oregon experienced a surge in semiconductor exports.

• Services Exports: Services exports to China declined by 3% in 2019, the first drop in over a decade, totaling $54 billion. Despite this, services exports have more than doubled since 2010. China moved from the third- to fourth-largest services market for the US due to increased exports to Ireland.

• State Performance: In 2020, 35 states saw growth in goods exports to China, with nine states experiencing over $1 billion in growth. Oregon, Texas, and California were the top states for goods exports. In services exports, California was the top state in 2019, followed by New York and Massachusetts.

• Industry Impact: Certain industries, such as oil and gas, semiconductors, and agricultural products, were key drivers of export growth. Conversely, declines in aircraft exports impacted states like Washington and South Carolina significantly.

• Employment Impact: Exports to China supported nearly 1 million jobs in 2019. The report notes that the number of jobs supported by exports to China fell to 916,000 in 2019, due to the effects of tariffs and trade tensions. However, some states, like Illinois, Iowa, and Oregon, saw job increases due to export growth.

• Methodology: The report uses data from The Trade Partnership, US Census Bureau, US Department of Agriculture, and Moody's Analytics for goods exports. Services exports are based on data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The data covers 2011–2020 for goods and 2010–2019 for services.

Key Information

• Top US Goods Exports to China in 2020:

  1. Oilseeds & grains: $17.2 billion
  2. Semiconductors & components: $12.0 billion
  3. Oil & gas: $9.2 billion
  4. Motor vehicles: $6.0 billion
  5. Navigation & measuring instruments: $6.0 billion

• Top US Goods Export Markets in 2020:

  1. Canada: $243.6 billion
  2. Mexico: $206.1 billion
  3. China: $123.1 billion
  4. Japan: $62.6 billion
  5. Germany: $55.1 billion

• Top US Services Exports to China in 2019:

  1. Education: $14.0 billion
  2. Travel (other personal): $9.4 billion
  3. Industrial processes: $3.7 billion
  4. Travel (business): $3.6 billion
  5. Passenger fares: $2.3 billion

• Top US Services Export Markets in 2019:

  1. United Kingdom: $77.8 billion
  2. Canada: $67.1 billion
  3. Ireland: $57.5 billion
  4. China: $54.1 billion
  5. Japan: $49.0 billion

• Impact on Jobs: Exports to China supported nearly 1 million jobs in 2019. However, 16 states saw an increase in jobs supported by exports, while 34 states experienced a decline. States like Texas and Washington saw significant job losses, while others like Iowa and Oregon saw job gains.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of China as a major export market for the US, despite ongoing trade tensions. While goods exports experienced a strong rebound in 2020, services exports faced a decline in 2019. The report highlights the role of specific industries and the impact of trade policies and global events, such as the pandemic, on export trends and employment.