2022-04-08-美中贸易全国委员会-2022美国对华出口报告_18页_2mb

US Export Report 2022: Exports of Goods and Services to China

US Goods Exports to China

US goods exports to China reached an all-time high of $149.2 billion in 2021, exceeding even the impact of tariffs. Key drivers included substantial growth in oilseeds/grains ($21.9 billion), semiconductors ($14.1 billion), and oil/gas. Other major categories included transportation equipment and machinery. California, Texas, Oregon, and Indiana ranked among the top states, while specific districts like Oregon 1st and Texas 7th also recorded significant exports. Goods exports supported nearly 570,000 jobs in 2019, growing to over 600,000 by 2020 due to tariff relief. Over the analyzed period (2012-2021), goods exports nearly tripled.

US Services Exports to China

US services exports to China shrank by 33% to $37 billion in 2020, the lowest level since 2013, due to the COVID-19 pandemic halting international travel and education. In 2021, services exports partially recovered, but continued growth was hindered by restrictions. Categories saw declines: travel exports plummeted (e.g., personal and business travel decreased by 90%, medical travel by 78.5%). Education emerged as the top services export, boosted by Chinese student tuition payments. Services exports accounted for about 38% of total US exports to China in 2020. Job support for services dropped from 301,000 in 2019 to 244,000 in 2020, especially affecting regions with tourism and education sectors.

Job Impacts

Total job support from US exports to China fell by 5% to 858,486 in 2020, reflecting service export declines dominating over gains in goods. Goods-focused regions (e.g., Midwest agricultural districts like Kansas 1st and Iowa 4th) saw job increases, while service-heavy areas (e.g., districts in California and New York) experienced decreases. Oregon's 1st district had the highest job count at 33,782 supported by semiconductor exports alone.

Specific Categories

• Oilseeds and Grains: Exports to China increased significantly, supporting widespread US agriculture, with Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas recording substantial growth.
• Semiconductors: Despite tech competition, exports grew, dominated by Oregon's role (over half national exports), bolstering jobs.
• Oil and Gas: Primarily driven by Texas exports, growing due to global demand and trade deal commitments.
• Pharmaceuticals and Medicines: Emerged as the top export category in 2021, with China seeking US high-value drugs to meet import commitments.
• Intellectual Property/Royalties: Remained a significant export category despite declines in 2020, reflecting the growth of US technology and entertainment in China.
• Travel and Education: Severely hit by the pandemic, with education becoming a top export post-pandemic due to Chinese student enrollment, while travel categories contracted sharply.

Congressional District Insights

Exports varied significantly by district: Oregon 1st led in semiconductor exports, while districts in South Dakota and California saw mixed performances. New York's and California's service districts recorded sharp job declines due to COVID-related shutdowns.