2022年美国出口报告：各州和对华商品和服务出口（英）-美中贸易全国委员会-2022-18页_721kb

US Export Report 2022 Summary

Core Content

This report provides a comprehensive overview of US exports of goods and services to China in 2020 and 2021, highlighting the impact of the pandemic on services exports, the resilience of goods exports, and the regional distribution of these exports across US states and congressional districts.

Main Points

US Exports to China: 2020 vs. 2021

• Goods Exports: Reached an all-time high of $149.2 billion in 2021, up by 21% from 2020. This growth was driven by oilseeds and grains, semiconductors, and oil and gas.
• Services Exports: Contracted by 35% in 2020 to $37 billion, the lowest since 2013. The drop was largely due to the pandemic's impact on travel and education.
• Total Jobs Supported: In 2020, US exports to China supported 858,486 jobs, a 5% decrease from 2019.

Goods Exports: Key Categories and Regional Distribution

• Top Goods Export Categories in 2021:
  • Oilseeds & Grains: $21.9 billion
  • Semiconductors & Components: $14.1 billion
  • All Others: $22.8 billion
• Top Goods Export Markets in 2021:
  • Canada: $291.9 billion
  • Mexico: $267.7 billion
  • China: $149.2 billion
  • Japan: $73.3 billion
  • South Korea: $64.6 billion
• Top Goods Exporting States in 2021:
  • Texas: $20.6 billion (23% growth)
  • California: $16.5 billion (11% growth)
  • Oregon: $10.3 billion (10.6% growth)
  • Illinois: $6.1 billion (20.1% growth)
  • South Carolina: $4.7 billion (18.5% growth)
• Top Goods Exporting Congressional Districts in 2021:
  • Oregon 1st: $8.1 billion (8.6% growth)
  • Texas 7th: $2.2 billion (15.8% growth)
  • California 17th: $2.1 billion (–17.2% growth)
  • Texas 11th: $1.9 billion (26.2% growth)
  • Nebraska 3rd: $1.6 billion (50.8% growth)

Services Exports: Key Categories and Regional Distribution

• Top Services Export Categories in 2020:
  • Education: $11.6 billion
  • Royalties From Industrial Processes: $4.5 billion
  • Misc. Financial Services: $1.9 billion
  • Software Distribution Royalties: $1.6 billion
  • Equip. Installation & Maintenance: $1.1 billion
  • Computer Software Services: $0.9 billion
  • Personal Travel & Tourism: $0.9 billion
• Top Services Export Markets in 2020:
  • United Kingdom: $62.2 billion
  • Ireland: $61.9 billion
  • Canada: $53.0 billion
  • China: $37.3 billion
  • Japan: $36.8 billion
  • Germany: $29.2 billion
• Top Services Exporting States in 2020:
  • California: $7.4 billion (–29.5% growth)
  • New York: $4.2 billion (–29.2% growth)
  • Texas: $2.8 billion (–34.0% growth)
  • Illinois: $1.9 billion (–35.1% growth)
  • Massachusetts: $1.8 billion (–24.9% growth)

Key Impact of the Pandemic

• Travel Exports: Declined sharply in 2020, with personal travel & tourism down by 90.1%, business travel by 90.3%, and medical-related travel by 78.5%.
• Education Exports: Became the top services export to China in 2020, but still saw a 19.3% decline from 2019 due to travel restrictions and a shift in student preferences.
• Shipping and Port Services: Experienced a drop in early 2020 due to pandemic-induced recession, but saw a recovery in the second half. Air freight capacity was severely impacted due to reduced passenger travel, leading to increased reliance on ocean shipping and port services.

Intellectual Property Exports

• Royalty Exports to China in 2020:
  • Industrial Processes: $4.5 billion
  • Trademark: $1.6 billion
  • Software Distribution: $1.6 billion
  • Movie/TV Distribution: $281 million
  • Franchise Fees: $169.3 million
  • Books/Music Distribution: $22 million
  • Broadcasting Live Events: $11 million
• Overall Trends:
  • Most royalty categories saw a decline in 2020 compared to 2019.
  • Movie/TV distribution royalties increased significantly (34.3%), indicating growing demand for US media in China.
  • Despite the drop, Chinese customers paid more in royalties than a decade ago, showing long-term growth in US IP exports.

Key Information

• US-China Trade Dynamics: China remains a crucial market for US goods, being the third-largest export market in 2021. It was the sixth-largest services market in 2020.
• Regional Impact: While goods exports supported job growth in many states, services-dominated regions saw job losses. The Midwest benefited from agricultural exports, with states like Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska seeing significant growth.
• Congressional Districts: Some districts, like Oregon 1st and Nebraska 3rd, saw substantial increases in exports, while others, such as California 17th, experienced declines.
• Industry Resilience: Despite the pandemic, US semiconductor exports continued to grow, with Oregon as the leading state in this sector.

Conclusion

The 2020–2021 period showcased the contrasting effects of the pandemic on US goods and services exports to China. While goods exports rebounded strongly, services exports faced significant declines, especially in travel and education. However, the US remains a vital export partner for China, with a wide range of products and services contributing to the national economy and supporting hundreds of thousands of jobs.