过去十年美国向中国出口的商品和服务（英文版）-美中贸易年度报告-美中贸易全国委员会-2018.04-65页-7mb

2018 US-China State Export Report Summary

Core Content

This report highlights the significant role of China as a market for US goods and services exports over the past decade. It outlines the growth trends, major export sectors, and the impact on employment across US states.

Main Points

• Exports to China are vital to US economic growth:
  US goods exports to China reached over $127 billion in 2017, growing by 86% since 2008, which is significantly higher than the 21% growth in exports to the rest of the world.
  China is the third-largest market for US goods and services exports, with the United States exporting more to China than to any other single market except for Canada and Mexico.
  Exports to China support over 1 million American jobs, with employment benefits across various industries such as transportation equipment, agriculture, computers and electronics, and oil and gas.
  Services exports to China also show strong growth, surpassing $52 billion in 2016 and growing by 307% over the decade from 2007 to 2016, which is faster than growth to the rest of the world (49%).
  China is the third-largest services export market for the US, following the United Kingdom and Canada.

• China's market share for US exports is still relatively low:
  The United States ranks as the fifth-largest source of imports for China, behind the EU, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.
  In 2017, US exports to China accounted for about 8.4% of China's total imports, compared to 13% from the EU, 9.6% from South Korea, and 9% from Japan.

• Growth in exports to China varies by state:

  • Goods exports:
    • 49 states increased their goods exports to China, with 17 states experiencing triple-digit growth.
    • Alabama, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Wyoming saw over 300% growth in goods exports since 2008.
    • In 2017, the top goods exported from the US to China included aerospace products and parts, oilseeds and grains, and motor vehicles.
  • Services exports:
    • All 50 states saw triple-digit services export growth to China since 2007, with 31 states experiencing over 300% growth.
    • Indiana, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota saw the largest increases in services exports, with at least 400% growth.
    • In 2016, the top services exported to China included travel, education, and royalties from industrial processes.

• Methodology and Data Sources:

  • Goods export data is sourced from the US Census Bureau, USDA, and Moody's Analytics, classified under the NAICS system.
  • Services export data is sourced from the BEA and Moody's Analytics, classified under BEA categories.
  • The report credits agricultural exports to the states where the crops are grown, not just states with large ports.
  • The 2018 edition replaces all prior editions due to annual revisions in historical data.

Key Information

• China's impact on US trade:

  • In 2017, the total US exports to China and Hong Kong reached $165.3 billion.
  • Hong Kong often acts as a throughpoint for US exports destined for China.

• Export Growth Rates:

  • Goods exports to China grew by 12.7% in 2017, twice the rate of exports to the rest of the world.
  • Services exports to China grew by 12.1% in 2016, outperforming the rest of the world's -0.6% contraction.

• State-level export data:

  • Top goods exporters to China in 2017:
    1. Texas ($15.6 billion)
    2. California ($15.6 billion)
    3. Washington ($13.9 billion)
    4. South Carolina ($6.3 billion)
    5. Illinois ($5.7 billion)
  • Top services exporters to China in 2016:
    1. California ($9.1 billion)
    2. New York ($5.3 billion)
    3. Texas ($4.3 billion)
    4. Florida ($3.4 billion)
    5. Illinois ($2.3 billion)

• Job support by state:

  • Alabama supported 17,400 jobs in 2016.
  • Alaska supported 6,100 jobs in 2016.
  • Arizona supported 13,400 jobs in 2016.
  • Arkansas supported 8,600 jobs in 2016.
  • California supported 121,600 jobs in 2016.

Additional Notes

• The report emphasizes the need for the US to expand its share of the China market by addressing trade barriers and improving market access.
• China's slowing economy impacted US exports in 2015 and 2016, but exports rebounded in 2017.
• The EU showed better growth than the US in services exports during the same period.
• Data discrepancies exist between US and Chinese trade statistics, particularly regarding shipping costs and tariffs.