全球能源进展报告2023（英）-292页_17mb

Summary of Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2023

Core Content

Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2023 is a joint publication by the five custodian agencies responsible for monitoring progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." The report provides an annual assessment of global progress on key energy-related targets, including access to electricity, access to clean cooking fuels and technologies, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and international public financial flows to developing countries.

Main Targets and Indicators

The report evaluates progress across the following SDG 7 targets and their corresponding indicators:

• Target 7.1.1: Proportion of population with access to electricity
• Target 7.1.2: Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies for cooking
• Target 7.2.1: Share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption
• Target 7.3.1: Energy intensity measured as a ratio of primary energy and GDP
• Target 7.a.1: International public financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy

Key Findings

1. Access to Electricity (SDG 7.1.1)

• Global access to electricity increased from 84% in 2010 to 91% in 2021, with over a billion people gaining access.
• The number of people without electricity access dropped from 1.1 billion to 675 million.
• However, the annual growth rate slowed to 0.6 percentage points in 2019–2021, far below the 1 percentage point needed to achieve universal access by 2030.
• Without additional efforts, 660 million people, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Developing Asia, will still lack access to electricity by 2030.

2. Access to Clean Cooking (SDG 7.1.2)

• The number of people without access to clean cooking fell from 2.9 billion in 2010 to 2.3 billion in 2021.
• Despite this, the goal of universal access by 2030 remains unmet, with an estimated 1.9 billion people still lacking clean cooking access.
• If current trends continue, 60% of those without access will be in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• The ongoing impact of the pandemic and rising energy prices may cause a reversal of recent progress, with 100 million people potentially reverting to traditional biomass use.

3. Renewable Energy (SDG 7.2.1)

• The share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (TFEC) rose to 19.1% in 2020, up from 16% in 2010.
• To limit global temperature rise to less than 1.5°C, the share of renewables must reach 33–38% by 2030, with 60–65% of electricity generation coming from renewables.
• Renewables are growing rapidly in developing countries, with a 9.8% year-on-year increase in 2021, but progress is uneven, and LDCs and other vulnerable regions lag behind.

4. Energy Efficiency (SDG 7.3.1)

• The global rate of improvement in energy intensity (measured as MJ/USD) was 1.8% between 2010 and 2020, below the 2.6% target needed for doubling efficiency by 2030.
• To make up for the gap, energy intensity must improve by over 3.4% annually from 2020 to 2030.
• More aggressive efficiency mandates, bans on inefficient equipment, and net-zero building codes are essential to meet this target.

5. International Public Financial Flows (SDG 7.a.1)

• International public financial flows to developing countries for clean energy support declined to USD 10.8 billion in 2021, a 35% drop from the 2010–19 average.
• The trend continued downward even before the pandemic, with flows falling to less than a third of the 2017 peak of USD 26.4 billion.
• Public investments are increasingly concentrated in a few countries, which may delay progress for LDCs, landlocked developing countries, and small island states.
• Annual investments of USD 1.4–1.7 trillion in renewable electricity and related infrastructure are required to meet global climate and energy goals by 2030.

Major Challenges

• Economic Factors: Uncertain macroeconomic conditions, high inflation, currency fluctuations, and debt distress in many countries are hindering progress.
• Energy Prices: The rise in energy prices since 2021, especially due to the war in Ukraine, is affecting access and clean cooking.
• Inequality in Progress: Regional disparities persist, with some areas making significant gains while others are stagnating or regressing.
• Policy and Financing Gaps: Policy actions and financial flows are insufficient, particularly for clean cooking and energy efficiency.

Recommendations

• Accelerated Investment: Increased investment is necessary to achieve the 2030 targets, especially in energy access and efficiency.
• Policy Reforms: Stronger policies, including bans on inefficient equipment and net-zero building standards, are required to improve energy efficiency.
• Improved Access: Scaling up efforts for clean cooking is crucial to reduce health risks and environmental degradation.
• Enhanced Collaboration: Strengthening international cooperation and financial flows, especially for LDCs and vulnerable regions, is essential.
• Data Transparency: Better data tracking and transparency in commitment reporting will support evidence-based decision-making.

Conclusion

While some progress has been made toward SDG 7, the current pace is insufficient to meet the 2030 targets. The report highlights the need for stronger commitments, more investment, and improved policy frameworks to ensure equitable and sustainable energy access for all. Continued collaboration among custodian agencies and the international community is vital to close the remaining gaps and achieve the goals of SDG 7 and its related targets.