IRENA-追踪可持续发展目标7：《2024年能源进展报告》（英）-179页_27mb

Summary of Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2024

Core Content

Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2024 is a joint publication by the five custodian agencies of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." The report provides a comprehensive overview of global progress on energy access, energy efficiency, renewable energy, and clean cooking, as well as the international financial flows supporting these efforts.

Main Goals of SDG 7

• Ensure access to electricity for all
• Ensure access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking
• Increase the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption
• Improve energy efficiency
• Promote international cooperation for clean energy

Key Findings

Access to Electricity (SDG 7.1.1)

• Global Access: 91% of the world's population has access to electricity, up from 78% in 2000.
• Progress: 48 countries achieved universal access between 2010 and 2020.
• Challenges: Between 2020 and 2022, population growth outpaced access growth, leaving 10 million more people without access.
• Remaining Gap: By 2030, the energy access gap is projected to close to 8%, leaving 660 million people without access.
• Regional Trends:
  • Central and Southern Asia: Largest growth in access, with 40.1 million people gaining access annually.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: Access deficit increased, with 83.3% of the global deficit in 2022.
  • Latin America: 18 countries achieved universal access.
• Decentralized Solutions: Solar home systems and mini-grids are playing a crucial role in electrification, especially in remote and low-income areas.

Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking (SDG 7.1.2)

• Global Access: 74% of the population had access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in 2022, up from 64% in 2015.
• Remaining Deficit: Approximately 2.1 billion people still rely on polluting fuels (charcoal, coal, crop waste, dung, kerosene, and wood).
• Projected Access: If current trends continue, only 79% of the population will have access to clean cooking by 2030.
• Regional Trends:
  • Eastern and Southeastern Asia: Access deficit has consistently declined since 2000.
  • Central and Southern Asia: Declined since 2010.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: Access deficit has increased, with 79% of the population in the region still using polluting fuels.
• Urban-Rural Gap: In Sub-Saharan Africa, only 7% of rural households have access to clean cooking, while 40% of urban households do. In Latin America and the Caribbean, 35% of rural populations still lack access to clean cooking fuels.

Renewable Energy (SDG 7.2)

• Global Share: In 2021, renewable energy accounted for 18.7% of total final energy consumption (TFEC).
• Modern Renewables: Excluding traditional biomass, modern renewables made up only 12.5% of TFEC, a modest increase from 2010.
• Energy Mix:
  • Electricity: One-third of global renewable energy consumption, with a rise from 23% to 28.2% in TFEC.
  • Heating: Renewables accounted for 23.5% of heating energy in 2021, but 95% of this came from traditional biomass.
  • Transport: Renewables accounted for 4.4% of transport energy demand in 2021, up from 3.5% in 2015, driven by electric vehicles and renewable-powered transport.

Energy Efficiency (SDG 7.3)

• Energy Intensity: In 2021, energy intensity was 4.6 MJ/USD, down from 4.9 MJ/USD in 2015.
• Policy Insights: Energy efficiency is critical for reducing energy demand and improving sustainability.

International Public Financial Flows (SDG 7.a)

• Global Investment: In 2022, international financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy reached $15.4 billion, up from $12.3 billion in 2021.
• Support for Clean Energy: These flows include investments in research and development and renewable energy production, including hybrid systems.

Outlook for SDG 7 (SDG 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.a, 7.b)

• Current Pace: The current rate of progress is insufficient to meet the 2030 targets.
• Barriers: Uncertain macroeconomic outlook, inflation, debt distress, and supply chain issues are major obstacles.
• Global Challenges: The impacts of the pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and rising energy prices have slowed progress, especially in vulnerable regions.

Key Information

• Partnership: The report was developed by a Steering Group comprising IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, and WHO, with support from various international organizations and stakeholders.
• Data Sources: The report uses data from the World Bank and WHO, along with other sources such as the International Monetary Fund and OECD/DAC.
• Methodology: The report provides detailed datasets for each SDG 7 indicator at https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads.
• Licence: The report is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 IGO license.
• Authors and Contributors: The report was prepared with contributions from numerous agencies and individuals, including the World Bank, WHO, IRENA, and IEA.

Conclusion

Despite progress in some areas, the pace of achievement for SDG 7 remains insufficient to meet 2030 targets. The report highlights the need for accelerated investment, policy innovation, and international cooperation to address energy access, efficiency, and the transition to renewable energy. Decentralized renewable energy solutions are particularly important for reaching remote and underserved populations, while clean cooking technologies require more support to reduce health and environmental risks.