IRENA-追踪可持续发展目标7_2025年能源进展报告（英）_187页_19mb

Summary of Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025

Core Content

Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025 is a comprehensive global assessment of progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." The report is a joint effort by five custodian agencies: the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO). It provides updated data and policy insights on key aspects of energy access and sustainability.

Main Indicators and Progress

Key Findings

Access to Electricity

• Global Access: Almost 92% of the world's population has access to electricity, up from 87% in 2010.
• Progress in 2023: The number of people with access grew faster than population growth, reducing the global electricity access gap to 666 million.
• Regional Disparities:
  • Central and Southern Asia: Made significant progress, reducing the access gap from 414 million in 2010 to 27 million in 2023.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: Despite 35 million new connections in 2023, the net gap decreased by only 5 million due to rapid population growth. The region now accounts for 85% of the global population without electricity.
• Urban-Rural Divide:
  • In 2023, 84% of those without electricity lived in rural areas.
  • Global urban access averages 89%, while rural access is 55%.
  • Excluding Sub-Saharan Africa, global urban access would be 94.5% and rural access 67.3%.

Access to Clean Cooking

• Global Access: 74% of the population had access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in 2023, up from 64% in 2015.
• Persistent Deficits: Still, 2.1 billion people rely on polluting fuels like wood, dung, and kerosene.
• 2030 Target: If current trends continue, only 78% of the global population will have access by 2030, leaving 1.8 billion without clean cooking solutions.
• Regional Disparities:
  • SIDS: 60% access.
  • LLDCs: 28% access.
  • LDCs: 21% access.
• Vulnerable Populations: In eight of the top 20 countries with the highest access deficits, fewer than 10% of households use clean fuels, highlighting severe infrastructure gaps.

Renewable Energy

• Global Share: In 2022, renewable energy accounted for 17.9% of total final energy consumption (TFEC), up from 15.6% in 2015.
• Electricity Use: Renewables made up nearly 30% of global electricity consumption in 2022, with a 56% increase since 2015.
• Capacity Growth: Wind and solar PV generation more than tripled from 2015 to 2022, while hydropower remained the largest contributor (15% of global electricity demand).
• Modern Use: The share of modern renewable uses (excluding traditional biomass) was highest in Latin America and the Caribbean (28% of TFEC) and lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa (12% of TFEC).

Policy Insights

• Need for Acceleration: Progress toward 2030 targets remains off track, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, due to the impacts of the pandemic and the 2022 energy crisis.
• Decentralized Solutions: Mini-grids and off-grid solar are critical for expanding electricity access, especially in remote and low-income areas. These solutions are cost-effective and scalable.
• Financing and Innovation: Greater investment, tailored funding mechanisms, and innovative approaches such as blended financing and monetization of environmental benefits are essential for accelerating progress.
• Energy Efficiency: Global energy intensity (primary energy per USD of GDP) decreased from 4.26 MJ/USD in 2015 to 3.87 MJ/USD in 2022, showing modest improvements.
• SDG 7.1.2 and 7.2.1: Both indicators highlight the need for more focus on clean cooking and renewable energy to meet the 2030 targets.

International Cooperation and Commitments

• COP28 Agreement: A consensus was reached to triple global renewable power capacity and double the energy efficiency improvement rate by 2030.
• Dar es Salaam Declaration: 48 African countries endorsed a declaration to expand electricity access, signaling renewed commitment.
• Cross-sector Collaboration: Achieving SDG 7 requires collaboration among governments, the private sector, international organizations, and civil society, particularly in ensuring access to financing and technical support.

Inclusive Energy Transition

• Focus on Marginalized Groups: Special attention is needed to ensure that women and marginalized communities benefit from the energy transition.
• Empowerment: Enhancing skills and knowledge among young people is crucial for long-term progress and fostering a forward-looking energy sector mindset.

Data and Methodology

• Data Sources: The report uses the World Bank's Global Electrification Database and WHO's Global Household Energy Database, along with energy balance statistics and financial data from IRENA and the OECD/DAC Creditor Reporting System.
• Methodological Notes: The report includes detailed datasets and methodological explanations, accessible at https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads.

Conclusion

Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025 underscores the importance of continued investment, policy innovation, and inclusive approaches to achieve universal access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy. While progress has been made, especially in renewable energy and electricity access, significant challenges remain, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and among vulnerable populations. A renewed global effort is essential to meet the 2030 targets and ensure that the energy transition supports health, equity, and climate goals.