IRENA-追踪SDG7：2023年能源进展报告（英）-292页_30mb

Summary of the 2023 Energy Progress Report (Tracking SDG 7)

Core Content

The 2023 Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report is a joint publication by the five custodian agencies responsible for monitoring progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7): "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." The report provides a global overview of progress in key areas such as access to electricity, clean cooking, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and international public financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy.

Main Objectives

• To provide updated statistics and policy insights on SDG 7 progress.
• To highlight the current state of energy access and the challenges in achieving 2030 targets.
• To emphasize the need for increased investment, policy reforms, and international cooperation to support the energy transition.

Key Findings

Access to Electricity (SDG 7.1.1)

• Global access to electricity increased from 84% in 2010 to 91% in 2021, with 675 million people still lacking access.
• The annual growth rate slowed to 0.6 percentage points between 2019 and 2021.
• To achieve universal access by 2030, the growth rate must increase to 1 percentage point per year.
• Without additional efforts, 660 million people, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Developing Asia, will remain unserved in 2030.

Access to Clean Cooking (SDG 7.1.2)

• The number of people without access to clean cooking decreased from 2.9 billion in 2010 to 2.3 billion in 2021.
• However, the goal of universal access by 2030 remains out of reach, with 1.9 billion people expected to still lack access.
• The majority of those without clean cooking access will be in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• The ongoing impact of the pandemic and rising energy prices may cause 100 million people to revert to traditional biomass use.

Renewable Energy (SDG 7.2.1)

• The share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (TFEC) increased from 16% in 2010 to 19.1% in 2020.
• To limit temperature rise to less than 1.5°C by the end of the century, the share of renewables must reach 33-38% by 2030.
• Renewables need to be expanded in transport and heating, both directly and indirectly (through electrification).
• Developing countries saw significant renewable capacity growth in 2021, but progress remains uneven.

Energy Efficiency (SDG 7.3.1)

• The global rate of improvement in energy intensity was 1.8% between 2010 and 2020, below the 2.6% target needed to double the rate from the 1990-2010 average.
• To meet the 2030 target, the global rate of improvement must exceed 3.4% between 2020 and 2030.
• More aggressive efficiency mandates and building codes are needed to achieve this.

International Public Financial Flows (SDG 7.a.1)

• Public financial flows to developing countries for clean energy support fell to USD 10.8 billion in 2021, a 35% drop from the 2010-19 average.
• These flows are expected to continue declining, with a focus on a few countries.
• Annual investments of USD 1.4-1.7 trillion in renewable electricity generation and related infrastructure are needed to meet global climate and energy goals by 2030.
• The public sector remains a vital source of funding, especially for developing countries.

Main Challenges

• Economic Factors: Uncertain macroeconomic outlook, high inflation, currency fluctuations, debt distress, and supply chain issues are hindering progress.
• Regional Disparities: Progress varies significantly across regions, with some lagging behind.
• Energy Crisis: The impact of the pandemic and the war in Ukraine has slowed the progress toward energy access.
• Policy Gaps: Necessary policy actions and financial flows for clean cooking, renewables, and energy efficiency are still lagging.
• Financing Shortfalls: International public financial flows are at a critical low, threatening to delay SDG 7 achievement, especially for the least developed countries (LDCs), landlocked developing countries, and small island developing states (SIDS).

Policy Recommendations

• Accelerate Investment: Increase annual electrification growth to 1 percentage point and scale up clean cooking and renewable energy initiatives.
• Strengthen Policies: Implement stricter efficiency mandates, promote clean cooking integration into broader energy planning, and improve affordability and delivery mechanisms.
• Enhance Financing: Redirect investments from fossil fuels to clean energy, increase aid commitments, and innovate funding mechanisms.
• Improve Transparency: Enhance the transparency of financial commitment reporting and support structural reforms in international public finance.
• Focus on Vulnerable Countries: Prioritize support for LDCs, landlocked countries, and SIDS, which are most affected by the energy crisis and financial shortfalls.

Conclusion

Despite some progress, the current pace is insufficient to meet the 2030 targets for SDG 7. The report underscores the need for stronger commitments, more effective policies, and increased international cooperation and financing to ensure a sustainable and secure energy future for all.