世界发展银行-Tracking-SDG-7-_-The-Energy-Progress-Report-2020_204页_47mb

Summary of the 2020 Energy Progress Report (Tracking SDG 7)

Core Content

The 2020 Energy Progress Report, a joint publication of the five SDG 7 custodian agencies (IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, and WHO), assesses global progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7)—Affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all—by 2030. The report highlights that while global efforts have made significant strides, they remain insufficient to meet the target, especially in the face of the pandemic's impact on energy access and transition.

Main Targets and Progress

SDG 7.1: Universal Access to Electricity and Clean Cooking

• Access to Electricity:

  • The global population with access to electricity rose from 83% in 2010 to 90% in 2018, reducing the number of people without access from 1.2 billion to 789 million.
  • Annual electrification growth increased slightly from 0.77% (127 million people/year) between 2010 and 2016 to 0.82% (136 million people/year) between 2016 and 2018.
  • However, this rate is still below the required 0.87% to achieve universal access by 2030.
  • In 2030, under current and planned policies, 620 million people are projected to remain without access, with 85% in Sub-Saharan Africa.

• Access to Clean Cooking:

  • The share of the global population with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies increased from 56% in 2010 to 63% in 2018, but 2.8 billion people still lacked access.
  • Annual growth in clean cooking access slowed from 0.8 percentage points between 2010 and 2018 to 0.7 percentage points in 2017 and 2018, far below the required rate.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa saw the largest population growth outpacing access, with the number of people without access increasing by an average of 18 million per year between 2014 and 2018.
  • Urban areas had significantly better access (83%) than rural areas (37%), though the gap narrowed slightly from 52 percentage points in 2010 to 46 in 2018.

SDG 7.2: Renewable Energy Share in Global Energy Mix

• The share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (TFEC) reached 17.3% in 2017, up from 16.3% in 2010.

• Modern renewables (excluding traditional biomass) accounted for 10.5% of TFEC in 2017, up from 8.6% in 2010.

• The power sector saw the largest growth in renewable energy use, reaching 24.7% of electricity consumption in 2017, surpassing the share in the heating sector for the first time.

• Heating sector: Renewables accounted for 23.5% of total final heat consumption in 2017, driven by modern renewables.

• Transport sector: Renewables accounted for 3.3% of total energy consumption, mainly through liquid biofuels.

• Regional Differences:

  • Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest share of renewable energy in TFEC (over 50%), but 85% of this was traditional biomass, linked to health and environmental issues.
  • Latin America and the Caribbean had the largest share of modern renewables (over 50%), due to widespread use of modern bioenergy and hydropower.

SDG 7.3: Energy Efficiency Improvement

• The global primary energy intensity (energy per unit of GDP) was 5.0 MJ/USD in 2017, equivalent to a 1.7% improvement rate.
• The improvement rate has slowed since 2012, with 1.3% in 2018 and 2% in 2019, well below the required 2.6% annual rate between 2010 and 2030.
• To meet the 3% annual improvement target by 2030, more aggressive measures are needed.

SDG 7.A: International Public Finance for Clean Energy

• International financial flows to developing countries for clean energy support increased from 5.9 billion USD in 2010 to 21.4 billion USD in 2017.
• However, only 12% of these flows reached the least-developed countries, which are furthest from achieving SDG 7 targets.
• Targeted financial support is essential to ensure that these countries can meet their energy access goals.

Key Challenges and Recommendations

• Uneven Progress: While some regions (e.g., Eastern and Southeastern Asia) have made significant progress, Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the largest access deficit.
• Need for Inclusive Strategies: To ensure universal access, integrated policies that support both centralized and decentralized energy solutions are necessary.
• Investment in Clean Cooking: Significant efforts are required to accelerate access to clean cooking, particularly in rural and low-income areas, where traditional biomass remains dominant.
• Policy and Innovation: Political commitment, ambitious national strategies, and investment in renewable energy technologies are critical to achieving SDG 7.
• Data and Surveys: Improved household energy surveys are needed to better understand and monitor energy use patterns, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Outlook and Conclusion

• The pandemic has disrupted long-standing trends and policies, likely affecting energy access and progress toward SDG 7.
• Collective support for utilities, mini-grids, and off-grid providers is essential to maintain and expand energy access.
• The report emphasizes the interlinkages between SDG 7 and other SDGs, such as gender, health, and education, and highlights the importance of inclusive and sustainable energy strategies.
• The SDG 7 custodian agencies urge the international community and policymakers to continue efforts toward affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.

Contributors and Partners

• The report was developed through collaboration among the five custodian agencies.
• Technical Advisory Group included institutions like the African Development Bank, Clean Cooking Alliance, IRENA, UNDP, WHO, and others.
• Financial support was provided by ESMAP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program) of the World Bank.

Appendices and Additional Information

• The report includes chapters on access to electricity, clean cooking, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the outlook for SDG 7.
• It also provides indicators and data for tracking progress across all SDG 7 targets.
• The final chapter outlines ways to improve data quality and monitor progress more effectively.

License and Permissions

• The report is available under the Creative Commons Attribution—NonCommercial 3.0 IGO license.
• Permissions are required for use of specific chapters, with contact details provided for each custodian agency.