2025-02-16-世界银行-流离失所的学生_乌克兰难民学生早期融入意大利学校（英）_40页_1mb

Displaced Learners: Early Integration of Ukrainian Refugee Students into Italy’s Schools

Key Findings

1. Academic Integration Challenges

   • Enrollment: Ukrainian refugees show lower enrollment rates compared to native and other foreign students. Enrollment peaked at 36% in 2023-24 but remains low, especially in southern regions.
   • Absenteeism: Refugees miss more school days (avg. 46 days/year in 2022-23) than Italian peers, with higher absences in upper secondary schools.
   • Test Scores: Performance in Italian and English is significantly lower, but mathematics shows better results, possibly reflecting pre-war educational strengths.

2. Teacher Recommendations
   Teachers are more likely to recommend Ukrainian refugees for high-track education (74%) than newly arrived migrants, indicating optimism about their academic potential despite academic gaps.

3. Barriers to Integration

   • Language: Language barriers hamper academic performance and social integration. Smaller class sizes correlate with better Italian scores.
   • Mental Health: High levels of psychological distress (16-24%) among children and caregivers affect school attendance and performance.
   • Uncertainty: Future instability (e.g., return intentions) reduces engagement with Italian schools and increases reliance on online Ukrainian schooling.
   • Bullying: Experienced by 32% of children, linked to mental distress and school avoidance.

4. Enrollment Patterns
   Dropout rates are higher among refugees (42% in 2022-23), with systemic challenges persisting despite policies like the Temporary Protection Directive and targeted interventions.

Policy Recommendations

• Strengthen language support and smaller class sizes to address integration gaps.
• Expand psychological services and anti-bullying programs.
• Align policies to reduce barriers for long-term stay, including certification of prior qualifications.
• Monitor educational outcomes for refugees to adapt policies over time.