2024-08-12-世界银行-改变关于强迫流离失所的叙述_英国-联合国难民署-世界银行关于建立强迫流离失所研究项目证据的调查结果（英）_72页_5mb

Summary

Executive Summary

The Building the Evidence on Forced Displacement program, co-led by the UK Government's FCDO, UNHCR, and the World Bank, produced 144 studies from 2016 to 2023, advancing global understanding of forced displacement. Key findings include:

• Enhanced Forced Displacement Research: Fourfold increase in research quantity and quality, strengthening content, improving data accessibility, and advancing methodologies.
• Policy Impact: Research influenced design of programs like "graduation" in Afghanistan, social protection reforms in Iraq, and demonstrated refugee-host integration benefits.
• Recommendations:
  • Collect and use data to inform policy and programming.
  • Promote inclusive approaches while addressing host populations’ needs.
  • Close the gap between policy and practice.

Sector Details and Findings

Education: Improving Learning Outcomes

• Key Insights: Disconnection between national education policies and practical inclusion for displaced learners. Socio-emotional learning (SEL) programs showed significant benefits.
• Research Methods: Mixed methods (evidence synthesis, intervention mapping, country case studies) to assess 59 studies on educational interventions.

Health: Strengthening Health Systems

• Key Insights: Cost (transportation, registration) is the primary barrier to healthcare access. Major gaps in chronic disease management, specialized care, and mental health services.
• Novel Approaches: Innovations in mental health psychosocial benefits and economic impact assessments.

Social Protection: Linking Humanitarian and National Systems

• Key Insights: Displaced populations have distinct needs requiring policy adaptations. Joint cash transfers improved outcomes, and inclusive policies fostered social cohesion.
• Policy Shift: Recommendations emphasize legal status, addressing "winners/losers" in displacement scenarios, and communication strategies.

Jobs

• Key Insights: Labor market effects of hosting refugees are modest or even positive. Effective targeting remains critical for cost-efficiency.
• Methodological Advances: Proposing machine learning for imputation and developing ROC curves for targeting refugee populations.

Gender Dimensions

• Key Insights: Intersection of gender and displacement exacerbates poverty risks; displaced women often exhibit more female-headed households with lower poverty rates, but earn less. Vulnerability to GBV is heightened.
• Implications: Recommendations prioritize women's economic opportunities and safety.

Social Cohesion

• Key Insights: Displacement exacerbates inequalities but inclusive policies can mitigate negative effects. Tangible support for both displaced and host populations prevents conflict.
• Interventions: Programs using trained facilitators and participatory approaches enhanced empathy and trust.

Methodological and Technological Innovations

• Advanced methods in poverty estimation (cross-survey imputation), data accessibility, and labor market identification.
• Innovations in data science: machine learning imputation for food prices, WhatsApp-based data collection during lockdowns, and remote sensing for deforestation monitoring.

Areas for Future Research

• Emerging Themes: Macroeconomic impacts, environmental degradation from migration, child poverty, long-term integrated impacts, deeper cost analysis, and refined data collection on IDPs and returnees.

Dissemination and Program Impact

• Impact Evaluations: 18 evaluations influenced project design and funding.
• Outreach: Training programs, blogs, conferences, special journals fostered multidisciplinary collaboration and knowledge dissemination.
• Infrastructure: Development of the Joint Data Center enhanced future research capacity.

Overall, the program emphasized evidence-based policymaking backed by rigorous, multidisciplinary research, offering strategies for both current and future adaptation needs in response to forced displacement.