2024-04-29-世界卫生组织-Road_safety_South_Africa_2023_country_profile_1页_203kb

报告摘要

South Africa's population is approximately 59 million (upper-middle income, African WHO region), with participation in the Global Status Report on Road Safety (GSRRS) since 2009.
In 2021, reported road traffic fatalities reached 12,541, according to national data, while WHO estimates were 14,528 (CI: 12,983-16,073), indicating substantial underreporting.
Road safety challenges are influenced by demographic factors (e.g., male predominance) and infrastructural, behavioral, and legislative factors.

2021 reported fatalities: 12,541.
Sex distribution: 76% male.
WHO rate: 24.5 deaths per 100,000 population in 2021.
User distribution: Majority involve drivers (57%), with others including pedestrians, cyclists, and unspecified groups.

National laws address speeding (urban max 60 km/h, rural 100 km/h, motorway 120 km/h), drink-driving (BAC limit ≤0.05 g/dl for all), and distracted driving (ban on handheld use).
Random breath testing is conducted, but enforcement is primarily manual.
Child restraint laws apply from age 3, with targets to increase use by 2030.

Local authorities can modify speed limits.
Speed reduction targets are national, with a focus on urban areas.
Technical standards for roads align with UN conventions, but some regulations (e.g., electronic stability control) are absent.

All drivers involved in fatal crashes undergo testing.
Mandatory helmet use and inspection for motorcycles, along with standards for used vehicles and imports.
No comprehensive vehicle safety laws for electronic stability control (ESC) or anti-lock braking systems (ABS), affecting protection in crashes.
Seat-belt and child-restraint laws exist, with seat-belt use declining among rear-seat occupants.

National seat-belt law and universal access to emergency care are in place.
No law mandating third-party liability insurance or electronic emergency care access timelines.
Victims may access rehabilitative and psychological services free of charge.

National road safety strategy, targets, and lead agency exist (e.g., 50% fatality reduction by 2030).
Data collection includes fatalities, speeding violations, and compliance with UN conventions.
Coordination exists for emergency medical services and legislative reviews.

While legislative and infrastructural safety measures are in place, enforcement gaps exist (e.g., lower seat-belt usage).
The government partially funds the strategy, and adherence to UN conventions is moderate, with opportunities to advance road safety further.

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