2024-04-29-世界卫生组织-Road_safety_India_2023_country_profile_1页_204kb

报告摘要

India Road Safety Summary

Demographics: India has a population of approximately 407 million people, is classified as a lower middle-income country, and is located in the South-East Asia Region of the WHO. It has participated in the Global Status Report on Road Safety (GSRRS) since 2009, except for 2011, according to the 2023 report.
Road Traffic Burden: In 2021, India reported 153,972 road traffic fatalities, with an estimated WHO figure of 216,618 (95% CI: 193,271–249,965). The sex distribution favors males (86%), and user distributions are not fully specified but indicate involvement from various groups (e.g., 45% for cars, others for motorcycles, etc.). Road user behavior shows high male fatality rates, with speed limits capped at 70 km/h urban/rural and 120 km/h on motorways.
Legislation and Enforcement: India has national laws on speed limits, drink-driving (BAC ≤0.03 g/dl), distracted driving (mobile phones banned), and mandatory helmet use for motorcycle riders, enforced through manual checks and random breath testing. Seat-belt and seat-belt anchorages are legally required, with seat-belt laws covering all road users. Vehicle safety standards largely align with UN conventions, including electronic stability control and impact protection, though anti-lock braking systems are not national law.
Institutional Framework: A national road safety strategy is in place (2023), aiming for a 50% reduction in road traffic fatalities by 2030 and 50% for non-fatal injuries. The strategy is fully funded and led by a national agency. Implementation includes periodic technical inspections, age restrictions for child passengers, and targets for increasing seat-belt and helmet use. National laws also address emergency care access (free, rehabilitative, and psychological services for crash victims), with multiple emergency hotline numbers.
Strengths and Progress: India demonstrates strong legislative efforts in areas like motorcycle helmets, drink-driving enforcement, and coordinated emergency services. However, some aspects exhibit moderate progress (e.g., enforcement levels) and weaknesses (e.g., pedestrian protection and data completeness for crashes involving cyclists or unknown users). Post-crash response includes universal access to emergency care, but consistent enforcement and child restraint systems face challenges. Target indicators for 2030 show advancement in reducing fatalities.