建筑装饰行业REITs他山之石系列之十一:货币政策对REIT收益的影响,来自英国的证据-20210906-兴业证券-19页_1mb
报告摘要
REITs 他山之石系列之十一:货币政策对 REIT 收益的影响(来自英国的证据)
核心内容
本文通过分析英国REITs市场,探讨货币政策对REITs收益的非线性影响,并研究其在市场繁荣与萧条期间的作用。研究采用马尔科夫转换模型(Markov-switching framework)来识别市场的繁荣与萧条状态,并评估货币政策变量(如M3、通货膨胀和产出缺口)对这些状态转变的影响。研究结果显示,货币政策对REITs收益的影响在不同市场状态下存在显著差异,尤其在萧条时期表现更为强烈。
主要观点
- REITs与货币政策的非线性关系:REITs对货币政策的反应不同于股票市场,其收益与货币政策变量之间的关系具有非线性特征。
- 货币政策对市场状态的影响:货币政策不仅影响REITs的收益,还影响市场从繁荣向萧条,或从萧条向繁荣转换的可能性。
- 货币政策变量的区分:本文引入三个货币政策变量(M3、通货膨胀和产出缺口),并分析它们在不同市场状态下的影响差异。
- 市场状态的识别:通过固定转移概率(FTP)和时变转移概率(TVTP)模型识别市场状态,结果显示萧条状态的无条件概率更高,且波动性更大。
- 非线性效应的验证:通过Hansen检验,确认数据支持非线性规范,表明REITs的收益动态与市场状态密切相关。
关键信息
研究方法
- 模型设定:采用马尔可夫转换模型,分别使用固定转移概率(FTP)和时变转移概率(TVTP)规范。
- 变量选择:研究变量包括REITs回报、利率、通货膨胀、产出缺口和货币供应量(M3)。
- 实证分析:使用Eviews 8.0进行拟极大似然估计,采用Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno算法进行参数估计。
- 模型检验:通过Hansen检验和似然比检验(LRT)验证非线性效应的存在。
研究结果
- 非线性影响:货币政策对REITs收益的影响是非线性的,且在萧条市场中更为显著。
- 市场状态转换:货币政策变量对市场状态转换具有重要影响,尤其在萧条时期,货币政策冲击对REITs收益的负面影响更大。
- 宏观经济变量的作用:宏观经济变量(如通货膨胀、产出缺口)在繁荣和萧条状态的转换中起到关键作用。
- 货币政策与REITs的关联性:REITs在货币政策传导机制中发挥重要作用,尤其在非线性影响下。
实证数据
- 数据时间范围:1987年第一季度至2011年第三季度的英国季度数据。
- 变量描述性统计:
- REITs回报均值为0.37,标准差为12.69。
- 利率均值为3.55,标准差为2.68。
- 通货膨胀均值为2.82,标准差为1.74。
- 产出缺口均值为 $7.7 \times 10^{-12}$,标准差为3.96。
- M3均值为1.15,标准差为1.92。
实证模型
3.1 固定转移概率模型(FTP)
- 模型公式:
$$
r _ {t} = \alpha (S _ {t}) + \beta (S _ {t}) i _ {t - 1} + D _ {t} + \epsilon_ {t}, \quad \epsilon_ {t} \hookrightarrow (0, \sigma^ {2} (S _ {t}))
$$ - 参数估计:
- 状态1(萧条):$\alpha_{1} = -7.41$,$\beta_{1} = -3.38$,$\sigma_{1}^2 = 6.82$
- 状态2(繁荣):$\alpha_{2} = 5.34$,$\beta_{2} = -0.86$,$\sigma_{2}^2 = 2.20$
- 转移概率:
- 状态1:0.797(萧条状态的持续性较高)
- 状态2:0.949(繁荣状态的持续性更高)
3.2 时变转移概率模型(TVTP)
- 模型公式:
$$
P \left(x _ {i, t}\right) = 1 - \left(1 + \exp \left(\pi_ {0, i} + \sum_ {j = 1} ^ {m} \pi_ {j, i} x _ {j, t - 1}\right)\right) ^ {- 1}
$$ - 参数估计:
- $\pi_{1,1} = -4.13$:通货膨胀增加时,市场更可能从萧条转为繁荣。
- $\pi_{2,1} = -1.7$:M3增加时,市场更可能保持在繁荣状态。
- $\pi_{3,1} = -0.73$:产出缺口增加时,市场更可能从萧条转为繁荣。
结论
- 货币政策对REITs收益的非线性影响:货币政策对REITs收益的影响在不同市场状态下存在显著差异。
- 市场状态的非线性驱动:宏观经济变量在市场繁荣和萧条的转换中起到关键作用,尤其是在萧条时期,货币政策的影响更为显著。
- REITs在货币政策传导中的作用:REITs在货币政策传导机制中扮演重要角色,其收益动态与货币政策存在紧密联系。
- 政策启示:研究结果为中央银行提供了重要的政策参考,表明货币政策在不同市场状态下应采取不同的策略。
风险提示
- 文献中的结果基于历史数据统计、建模和测算,若宏观政策或市场环境发生变化,模型可能失效。
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投资要点
- 推荐理由:本文通过马尔可夫转换模型,揭示了货币政策对REITs收益的非线性影响,并指出在萧条市场中,货币政策的影响更为显著。
- 核心结论:货币政策对REITs收益的影响在繁荣和萧条市场中存在显著差异,尤其在萧条时期,其影响更为强烈。
- 政策意义:研究结果为中央银行在制定货币政策时提供了参考,特别是在识别市场状态和评估货币政策效果方面。
- 市场角色:REITs在货币政策传导机制中发挥重要作用,其收益动态与市场状态紧密相关。
分析师声明
- 本报告由分析师孟杰撰写,研究助理吴哲怡协助。
- 本报告基于历史数据和模型分析,不构成任何投资建议,仅供参考。
- 报告中所有信息和意见均基于分析师的独立研究,不涉及利益冲突。
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