2023年物流绩效指数（英）-90页_4mb

Connecting to Compete 2023: Trade Logistics in an Uncertain Global Economy

Introduction:
The seventh edition of "Connecting to Compete" presents the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2023, integrating survey-based perceptions with novel indicators from supply chain tracking data. It assesses trade logistics across 139 countries, relevant for policymakers and the private sector seeking reform priorities.

Methodology and Changes:

• LPI Components: Assesses six aspects: customs efficiency, infrastructure, international shipments, logistics competence, tracking, and timeliness.
• New Indicators: Incorporates Big Data from sources like Cargo iQ, TradeLens, Universal Postal Union, MDS Transmodal, and MarineTraffic to measure actual delays and connectivity.
• Impact of Crises: Despite the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain disruptions, average LPI scores remained stable due to resilience in structural factors and easing of disruptions by 2022.

Key Findings:

1. Resilience in Logistics Performance: High-income countries maintained top rankings, while low-income countries showed slight score increases, but gaps between top and bottom performers widened.
2. Supply Chain Delays: Delays are widespread, particularly in Middle East, North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Dwell time (port delays) increased due to the 2021-22 supply chain crisis.
3. Environmental Sustainability: Growing demand for green logistics options signals a shift toward environmentally sustainable practices.
4. Connectivity and Infrastructure: Logistics performance correlates with connectivity metrics. Landlocked developing countries face significant transit challenges requiring coordinated interventions.

Conclusion:
The LPI underscores that effective logistics are vital for trade resilience. While performance remained stable amidst crises, challenges persist, particularly delays, infrastructure deficits, and connectivity issues, with opportunities in green logistics and data-driven improvements.