2018联接以竞争_全球经济中的贸易物流（英文版）-1mb

Summary and Key Findings of Connecting to Compete 2018: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy

Core Content

The Connecting to Compete 2018 report presents the sixth edition of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), offering a comprehensive assessment of trade logistics performance across more than 160 countries based on data from logistics professionals. The report highlights the importance of logistics in economic growth, trade integration, and competitiveness, emphasizing that logistics performance is not just a function of income but also of infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and service quality.

The LPI evaluates six key components: customs efficiency, infrastructure quality, ease of arranging shipments, quality of logistics services, timeliness, and tracking and tracing. These indicators provide a standardized benchmark for comparing logistics performance globally.

Main Viewpoints

• Logistics performance is strongly correlated with service quality, indicating that the effectiveness of logistics services significantly impacts trade efficiency.
• Logistics is more than just income: Countries with similar economic levels can have vastly different logistics performance due to varying infrastructure, regulations, and service capabilities.
• Logistics performance is a key driver of trade integration: Efficient logistics reduces trade costs and enhances the ability of countries to integrate into global markets.
• The LPI is a valuable tool for policy makers and researchers: It provides a common referential for comparing logistics performance and assessing the impact of policy reforms.
• Logistics policies have evolved since 2007: While earlier efforts focused on trade facilitation and border procedures, current concerns include cybersecurity, environmental sustainability, and supply chain resilience.
• The LPI remains robust despite limited changes in rankings: The data has shown a consistent trend, reinforcing its reliability as a benchmarking tool.

Key Information

LPI Rankings and Scores (2012–2018)

• Top 10 Countries:

  • Germany (4.20)
  • Netherlands (4.07)
  • Sweden (4.07)
  • Belgium (4.05)
  • Singapore (4.05)
  • United Kingdom (4.01)
  • Japan (3.99)
  • Austria (3.99)
  • Hong Kong SAR, China (3.96)
  • United States (3.92)

• Bottom 10 Countries:

  • Solomon Islands (2.00)
  • Somalia (2.00)
  • Afghanistan (2.04)
  • Haiti (2.02)
  • Equatorial Guinea (2.21)
  • Eritrea (2.11)
  • Sierra Leone (2.06)
  • Liberia (2.29)
  • Chad (2.34)
  • Yemen (2.27)

• Trends:

  • The gap between top and bottom performers narrowed in 2018, with the top 10 countries scoring 4.03 on average and the bottom 10 scoring 2.08.
  • High-income countries dominate the top rankings, with eight European nations plus Japan and Singapore.
  • The bottom performers are mostly low-income and lower-middle-income countries in Africa or isolated regions, some of which face challenges such as armed conflict, natural disasters, and political instability.

Logistics Performance Components

• Infrastructure remains a shared concern, with improvements noted in many countries.
• Customs and border procedures are a major focus for reform, as they significantly affect trade facilitation.
• Ease of arranging shipments and timeliness are key factors influencing logistics efficiency.
• Quality of logistics services and tracking and tracing have become increasingly important with the rise of e-commerce and digital logistics.

Reform and Policy Implications

• The LPI is used to stimulate and inform logistics reforms, helping countries identify areas for improvement.
• Cybersecurity and supply chain resilience are emerging priorities, especially in light of digital transformation and global disruptions.
• Environmental sustainability is gaining attention, with growing demand for green logistics practices.

Methodology and Data

• The LPI is based on survey data from freight forwarding and logistics companies.
• The survey was supported by the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations and conducted in collaboration with Turku School of Economics.
• The data includes time and distance metrics, as well as demographics of respondents, to provide a more nuanced understanding of logistics performance across regions and income groups.

Conclusion

The 2018 edition of the LPI reaffirms the importance of logistics in the global economy and highlights the need for continued policy reform and investment in infrastructure, customs, and digital systems. While high-income countries lead in logistics performance, many low-income and lower-middle-income countries still face significant challenges that hinder their integration into global markets. The LPI serves as a crucial reference for stakeholders seeking to improve logistics efficiency and foster sustainable economic growth.