2015年-世界发展银行全球_Myanmar_Empowering_People_for_Inclusive_Growth___Myanmar_Country_Partnership_Framework_for_the_Period_2015-2017_88页_1mb

Myanmar: Empowering People for Inclusive Growth - Summary

Core Content

The Myanmar Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for 2015–2017 outlines the World Bank Group (WBG) strategy to support Myanmar's transition from a long period of isolation and conflict to a new era of peace, prosperity, and inclusive growth. It succeeds the Myanmar Interim Strategy Note (FY13–14) and is the first full country strategy since 1984. The CPF is designed to accelerate and scale up WBG engagement in support of two key transformations: openness and integration, and empowerment and inclusion.

The CPF identifies three main focus areas:

• Reducing rural poverty
• Investing in people and effective institutions
• Supporting a dynamic private sector to create jobs

These areas are guided by four cross-cutting themes: gender, conflict, governance, and climate change/disaster risk. The CPF emphasizes the need for a selective approach based on comparative advantage, impact on poverty and shared prosperity, and the risk-reward ratio.

Main Points

1. Country Context and Development Challenges

• Myanmar is one of the least developed countries in Southeast Asia, with a per capita GDP of $1,105 in 2013–14.
• The poverty rate in 2010 was estimated between 25.6% and 37.5%, with at least 70% of the poor living in rural areas.
• The country is undergoing significant political, economic, and social reforms since 2011, including the expansion of political freedoms, reduction of armed conflict, and economic liberalization.
• However, challenges remain, including ethnic and religious tensions, ongoing conflicts, underdeveloped financial sectors, and limited institutional capacity.

2. Key Development Priorities

• Poverty Reduction: Focus on rural areas, where most of the poor reside. Activities include improving agricultural productivity, rural electrification, and community-driven infrastructure.
• Empowerment and Inclusion: Emphasize access to essential social services (health, education), skills development, and governance reforms to ensure that citizens can benefit from economic progress.
• Private Sector Development: Promote inclusive growth by supporting market reforms, trade, and modern financial institutions to create jobs and drive economic diversification.

3. World Bank Group Strategy and Support

• The CPF is grounded in the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), which identified two main pathways for poverty reduction: private sector-led growth and universal access and empowerment.
• The WBG aims to leverage the combined strengths of IDA, IFC, and MIGA to provide financial support, technical assistance, and risk mitigation.
• The CPF includes an indicative program of $1.6 billion in IDA funding, $1 billion in IFC investments, and $20 million in technical assistance over the three-year period.

4. Implementation and Risk Management

• The CPF will be reviewed in late FY16 for mid-course adjustments based on new data and changing country conditions.
• The program is designed to mitigate risks such as political polarization, policy discontinuity, and economic shocks.
• The WBG will work closely with the Government of Myanmar and development partners through sector working groups to ensure alignment and coordination.

Key Information

• Currency: 1 USD = 1,024 MMK (as of 26 January 2015)
• Fiscal Year: 1 April to 31 March
• CPF Timeline: 2015–2017
• Key Institutions Involved:
  • IDA: Nikolas Myint (Task Team Leader)
  • MIGA: Paul Barbour (Task Team Leader)
  • IFC: Catherine Martin and Vikram Kumar (Task Team Leaders)
• Consultations: Extensive stakeholder consultations were conducted in Myanmar, Thailand, and the US.
• Risks: Political risks (elections, conflict), economic risks (oil and gas price volatility, weak regulatory framework), and institutional risks (capacity constraints).

Summary of CPF Objectives

• To support inclusive growth and poverty reduction through targeted interventions.
• To align with Myanmar's national development priorities and reform agenda.
• To enhance governance and institutional capacity.
• To promote private sector development and economic integration.
• To address conflict, displacement, and social inclusion challenges.

Conclusion

The CPF represents a strategic and selective approach to support Myanmar's development. It aims to capitalize on the country's historical transformation and current opportunities, while addressing the complex challenges it faces. By focusing on rural poverty reduction, investment in people and institutions, and private sector growth, the WBG seeks to contribute to shared prosperity and sustainable development in Myanmar.