【联合国】2022年全球粮食危机报告（EN）-277页_19mb

2022 Global Report on Food Crises Summary

Core Content

The 2022 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2022) is a collaborative effort by 17 international agencies, led by the Food Security Information Network (FSIN). It provides a comprehensive analysis of global food insecurity and malnutrition trends, highlighting the increasing scale and severity of food crises across the world.

Key Findings

• Global Hunger Levels: In 2021, nearly 193 million people were acutely food insecure, across 53 countries/territories. This is a significant increase from the previous year, attributed to both worsening conditions and a broader population analysis.
• Crisis and Catastrophe Levels: Over 570,000 people faced Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) in 2021, the highest number recorded in the GRFC's history. These were concentrated in Ethiopia, South Sudan, southern Madagascar, and Yemen.
• Trend Analysis: The number of people in Crisis or worse (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above) or equivalent increased by 80% since 2016, from about 108 million to nearly 193 million.
• Regional Focus: The report covers regional overviews of food crises, including Central and Southern Africa, East Africa, West Africa and the Sahel, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Eurasia.
• Major Food Crises in 2022: Countries such as Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Yemen, and South Sudan are highlighted as experiencing severe food insecurity, driven by conflict, economic shocks, and climate-related events.
• Drivers of Food Insecurity: Conflict/insecurity, economic shocks, and weather extremes are the main drivers. In 2021, conflict was the primary driver in 7 of the 10 largest food crises, affecting 139 million people.
• Malnutrition: Malnutrition remains a critical issue in food-crisis countries, with over 26 million children under five suffering from wasting in 23 of the 35 major food crises. In the ten largest food crises, 17.5 million children were wasted.
• Displacement: In 2021, nearly 45 million of the 51 million internally displaced people (IDPs) globally were in food-crisis countries. Refugees and asylum seekers also face heightened vulnerability.
• 2022 Outlook: The situation is expected to worsen in 2022, with 179–181 million people forecasted to be in Crisis or worse in 41 of the 53 countries included. A Risk of Famine is anticipated in several regions, particularly in Yemen and Somalia.
• Impact of the Ukraine War: The war is exacerbating the global food, energy, and financial crisis, with its effects not yet fully integrated into country-level projections.
• Funding Gaps: Humanitarian funding for food crises has been declining since 2017, and the current shortfall is particularly acute due to the economic slowdown caused by the pandemic and the prioritization of public health responses.

Main Points

• Conflict remains the primary driver of food insecurity in many regions.
• Economic shocks and weather extremes are also major contributors, especially in low-income countries.
• Malnutrition, particularly among children under five, is a critical concern in food-crisis countries.
• Displacement and refugee populations are highly vulnerable to food insecurity.
• The Ukraine war is intensifying global food insecurity and will likely have lasting impacts.
• The GRFC highlights the need for urgent and large-scale action to address food crises and support sustainable food systems.

Key Information

• Acute food insecurity estimates are based on the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) and Cadre Harmonisé (CH) methodologies.
• Donor support and international cooperation are essential for addressing food crises.
• Data sources include reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Food Programme (WFP), Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO), and others.
• Climate change, pandemic effects, and inequalities are compounding the challenges faced by vulnerable populations.
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Agreement are key frameworks for addressing the root causes of hunger and malnutrition.

Conclusion

The GRFC 2022 underscores the urgency of addressing food crises through coordinated international efforts, increased funding, and long-term strategies to build resilient food systems. The report calls for immediate action to prevent further deterioration and to ensure that vulnerable populations receive the necessary support.