2018全球粮食危机报告（英文版）-17mb

Summary of the Global Report on Food Crises 2018

Core Content

The Global Report on Food Crises 2018 provides an overview of the global food insecurity situation in 2017 and forecasts for 2018. It highlights that food insecurity and malnutrition are driven by a combination of conflict, climate shocks, and economic factors, affecting over 124 million people in 51 countries and territories.

Main Drivers of Food Insecurity in 2017

• Conflict and Insecurity:
  • The main driver of food insecurity in 18 countries, impacting almost 74 million people.
  • Conflicts in Myanmar, north-east Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, and Yemen intensified or emerged in 2017.
  • Yemen had the highest number of food-insecure people in need of urgent assistance at 17 million.
  • Syria, Iraq, and Palestine also had significant numbers due to conflict and displacement.
• Climate Shocks:
  • Drought and extreme weather events were major causes of food insecurity in 23 countries, affecting over 39 million people.
  • Drought in East Africa (Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda) led to poor harvests and increased food prices.
  • Bangladesh faced severe floods, which restricted food access for poorer households.
  • Sri Lanka and Pakistan also experienced reduced rice production due to climate shocks.
• Population Displacement:
  • Conflict and climate disasters led to significant internal and external displacement.
  • IDPs (Internally Displaced Persons) and refugees are among the most vulnerable groups, with notable numbers in Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, Nigeria, Somalia, and Uganda.

Key Findings from 2017

• Food Insecurity Increase:
  • The number of people in need of urgent action increased by 11 million from 2016 to 2017.
  • Famine (IPC Phase 5) was declared in two counties of South Sudan in February 2017.
• Acute Malnutrition:
  • High rates of acute child malnutrition were observed in conflict-affected areas such as north Darfur in Sudan (28%), South Sudan (23%), Chad's Lac region (18%), and northern Nigeria (10–16%).
  • Malnutrition is exacerbated by poor access to health and sanitation services, unclean water, and disease outbreaks.
• Nutritional Impact:
  • Malnourished children are more susceptible to illness, and disease worsens malnutrition.
  • Cholera outbreaks were reported in Yemen, South Sudan, Somalia, and other countries, increasing the risk of malnutrition.

Short-Term Outlook for 2018

• Continuation of Crisis Drivers:
  • Conflict will remain a primary driver of food insecurity in Africa (Somalia, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Central African Republic), Asia (Afghanistan, Yemen), and the Middle East (Syria).
  • South Sudan is expected to face rising food insecurity, with 155,000 people likely to face Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) conditions by July 2018.
  • North-east Nigeria is projected to have 3.7 million people severely food insecure by August 2018, with 13,000 in Famine (CH Phase 5).
• Climate Risks:
  • Drought is expected to worsen food insecurity in Somalia, southern and eastern Kenya, and Ethiopia.
  • Western African and Sahel countries (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal) are likely to see increased food insecurity due to lingering effects of 2017 drought.
  • Cape Verde reported almost no harvests during the 2017/18 agricultural season due to severe drought.

Data and Analysis Gaps

• Limited Data:
  • Countries like Eritrea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Venezuela, and Myanmar could not be accurately assessed due to lack of data.
  • Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe had improved food security due to good harvests, but the situation remained unstable in parts of Madagascar and South Africa.

Importance of the Report

• The report serves as a tool for decision-makers to plan humanitarian interventions and allocate resources.
• It emphasizes the need for better coordination among agencies and context-specific programming to address complex emergencies.
• The humanitarian-development-peace nexus is highlighted as essential for sustainable solutions to food crises.

Main Recommendations

• Improved Coordination:
  • Enhance collaboration between agencies and stakeholders to ensure effective use of food security data.
• Anticipatory Action:
  • Prioritize early warning systems and preparedness to mitigate the impact of food crises.
• Long-Term Solutions:
  • Address root causes such as conflict, climate change, and economic instability to reduce food insecurity and malnutrition.
• Nutrition Focus:
  • Protect the nutritional status of children and pregnant women, who are especially vulnerable during crises.

Conclusion

The Global Report on Food Crises 2018 underscores the severity and complexity of food insecurity and malnutrition globally. It calls for collective action, policy alignment, and sustainable interventions to reduce the number of people affected and to ensure that no one is left behind. The report also highlights the importance of data transparency, early warning systems, and cross-sectoral collaboration to improve resilience and food security in vulnerable populations.