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2021 Global Report on Food Crises Summary

Core Content

The 2021 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2021) highlights the increasing severity and scale of food insecurity worldwide. It underscores the interplay between conflict, economic shocks, and climate disruption as the main drivers of food crises, with the COVID-19 pandemic intensifying these challenges. The report emphasizes the need for a unified, evidence-based approach to addressing food insecurity and its underlying causes.

Main Points

• Global Food Insecurity in 2020:

  • 155 million people in 55 countries/territories were in Crisis or worse (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above) or equivalent, representing an increase of about 20 million people from 2019.
  • 66% of these people were concentrated in 10 countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo (21.8M), Yemen (13.5M), Afghanistan (13.2M), Syrian Arab Republic (12.4M), Sudan (9.6M), northern Nigeria (9.2M), Ethiopia (8.6M), South Sudan (6.5M), Zimbabwe (4.3M), and Haiti (4.1M).
  • In three countries, more than half of the population was in Crisis or worse (IPC Phase 3 or above) or equivalent.
  • 133,000 people in Burkina Faso, South Sudan, and Yemen were in Catastrophe (IPC/CH Phase 5), requiring urgent action to prevent widespread death and collapse of livelihoods.
  • 75.2 million children under 5 were stunted, and 15.8 million were wasted in food-crisis countries.

• Economic and Climate Drivers:

  • Conflict and insecurity were the primary drivers, affecting 99.1 million people in 23 countries/territories.
  • Economic shocks, including those from the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted 40.5 million people in 17 countries.
  • Weather extremes affected 15.7 million people in 15 countries.
  • These drivers often coexist and reinforce each other, worsening food insecurity.

• 2021 Forecast:

  • 142 million people in 40 countries/territories are projected to be in Crisis or worse (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above) or equivalent.
  • 155,000 people (including 108,000 in South Sudan and 47,000 in Yemen) are likely to face Catastrophe (IPC/CH Phase 5) by mid-2021.
  • In South Sudan, four payams of Pibor County are expected to face Famine Likely (IPC Phase 5).
  • In northern Nigeria, although no population is projected to be in Catastrophe/Famine, some indicators suggest a small proportion of the population may face such conditions.

Key Information

• Children's Vulnerability: Children in food-crisis countries are especially vulnerable to malnutrition, with stunting and wasting being widespread.
• Displacement and Migration: 65% of the world's 46 million internally displaced people in 2020 were in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Yemen, Afghanistan, and the Syrian Arab Republic.
• Refugees and Asylum Seekers: 38% of the world's 30.5 million refugees and asylum seekers originated from Syrian Arab Republic, Afghanistan, and South Sudan.
• Data and Methodology: The report uses data from the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) and the Cadre Harmonisé (CH), along with other comparable sources. It focuses on countries where local capacities are insufficient to respond effectively to food crises, requiring international support.
• Global Network Against Food Crises (GNAFC): The GRFC is part of a global initiative led by the GNAFC, which includes 16 agencies and regional partners. It aims to prevent, prepare for, and respond to food crises through a 3x3 approach.
• Three Dimensions of the 3x3 Approach:
  1. Understanding food crises: Promoting evidence-based analyses and improving data collection and reporting.
  2. Leveraging strategic investments: Advocating for appropriate financing and improving the coherence between humanitarian, development, and peace actions.
  3. Going beyond food: Addressing multi-dimensional drivers of food crises through cross-sectoral coordination and integrated policy responses.

Structure and Use

• Chapter 1: Provides a global overview of food crises in 2020 and a forecast for 2021.
• Chapter 2: Offers regional overviews, including Central and Southern Africa, East Africa, West Africa and the Sahel, Central America and Haiti, and Eurasia.
• Chapter 3: Details country-level overviews for 34 major food crises in 2020 and their 2021 forecasts.
• Technical Notes: Explains the methodology, key indicators, and classification tables used in the report.
• Bibliography: Lists all references and data sources.

Conclusion

The GRFC 2021 serves as a technical reference and public good, endorsed by experts and based on consensus-based assessments. It highlights critical data gaps and calls for urgent action to break the cycle of conflict and hunger, aligning with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). The report is a crucial tool for policy-makers, humanitarian actors, and development organizations to make informed decisions and mobilize resources effectively.