2019全球粮食危机报告（英文版）_202页_10mb

2019 Global Report on Food Crises Summary

Core Content

The 2019 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2019) is a collaborative effort by multiple international agencies, including the Food Security Information Network (FSIN), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and others. It aims to provide timely, independent, and consensus-based information on food insecurity and malnutrition in crisis-affected countries.

Main Findings

Acute Food Insecurity in 2018

• 113 million people across 53 countries faced acute hunger requiring urgent food, nutrition, and livelihood assistance (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above).
• This represents a slight improvement from the 124 million people in 51 countries in 2017.
• Over the past three years, more than 100 million people have faced acute food insecurity annually.
• The worst food crises in 2018 were: Yemen, DRC, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Syria, Sudan, South Sudan, and northern Nigeria, accounting for 72 million people or two-thirds of the global total.

Regional Impact

• Africa was disproportionately affected, with over 100 million people facing acute food insecurity.
• Climate shocks were a major factor, particularly in southern and eastern Africa, the Horn of Africa, Latin America, and the Asia-Pacific.
• Conflict and insecurity remained the leading driver, affecting 74 million people in 21 countries.
• Economic shocks impacted 10.2 million people in Burundi, Sudan, and Zimbabwe.

Malnutrition

• High levels of acute and chronic malnutrition in children in crisis contexts remain a grave concern.
• Poor dietary intake and disease are key drivers of undernutrition.
• Many children in crisis-affected countries are not consuming a minimum acceptable diet, highlighting the severity of the issue.

Vulnerable Populations

• 143 million people in 42 countries were in Stressed conditions (IPC/CH Phase 2), at risk of slipping into Crisis or worse if exposed to additional shocks.
• Refugees and migrants in Bangladesh and the Syria regional crisis require significant support.
• If the Venezuela crisis persists, the number of displaced people is expected to increase.

Key Drivers of Food Insecurity

1. Conflict and Insecurity:
   • Affecting 74 million people in 21 countries, primarily in Africa, West Asia, and Eastern Europe.
2. Climate Shocks and Natural Disasters:
   • Pushed 29 million people into acute food insecurity in 2018.
   • Most affected in Africa, with 23 million people in 20 countries.
3. Economic Shocks:
   • Affecting 10.2 million people in Burundi, Sudan, and Zimbabwe.
   • Includes hyperinflation, economic downturns, and declines in purchasing power.

Forecast for 2019

• The worst food crises are expected to persist in Yemen, DRC, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Syria, Sudan, South Sudan, and northern Nigeria.
• These regions are at risk of Emergency levels (IPC/CH Phase 4) of food insecurity.
• Climate shocks will continue to affect agricultural output in southern Africa and the Dry Corridor in Central America.
• El Niño conditions are likely to impact agricultural production and food prices in Latin America and the Caribbean.
• Refugee and migrant needs will remain significant, especially in Bangladesh and the Syria regional crisis.

Methodology and Structure

Structure of the Report

• Chapter 1: Introduction, rationale, methodology, and geographical coverage.
• Chapter 2: Overview of 2018 food crises, including peak numbers, drivers, and population displacement.
• Chapter 3: In-depth analysis of 27 selected crises, each with a narrative and graphical summary.
• Chapter 4: Forecast for 2019, identifying countries likely to experience improvement, stagnation, or worsening conditions.

Geographical Coverage

• 53 countries were included based on criteria such as food crises, natural disasters, refugee hosting, and conflict.
• 34 countries were added due to natural disasters, refugee hosting, or conflict.
• 16 countries were excluded as the shocks had minimal impact on food security or external assistance was not needed.
• 13 countries were excluded due to lack of data.

Data Sources and Classification

• IPC/CH classifications are used to determine the severity and magnitude of food insecurity.
• Phase 3 or above indicates populations in Crisis or worse requiring urgent assistance.
• Phase 2 (Stressed) requires disaster risk reduction and livelihood protection.
• Phase 4 (Emergency) requires urgent action to save lives and livelihoods.
• Phase 5 (Famine) requires urgent action to prevent widespread death and total collapse of livelihoods.

The Way Forward

• Ending conflicts, empowering women, nourishing and educating children, improving rural infrastructure, and reinforcing social safety nets are essential for a hunger-free world.
• Humanitarian assistance has grown by 127% over the last decade, with 40% allocated to food and agriculture.
• Investments in conflict prevention and sustaining peace are critical to address root causes of hunger.
• Collaboration between humanitarian and development actors is necessary to deliver sustainable solutions.

Conclusion

The GRFC 2019 highlights the persistent and worsening nature of global food crises, emphasizing the need for targeted, integrated responses and long-term strategies to address both acute and chronic food insecurity. It underscores the importance of data collection, analysis, and cross-sectoral cooperation to ensure effective and timely action.