2022全球粮食危机报告-277页_19mb

2022 Global Report on Food Crises Summary

Core Content

The 2022 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2022) provides a comprehensive analysis of global food insecurity and malnutrition trends, highlighting the increasing scale and severity of food crises worldwide. The report underscores the critical role of multiple factors such as conflict, economic shocks, climate extremes, and displacement in exacerbating food insecurity and malnutrition. It also emphasizes the need for urgent and coordinated international action to address these challenges and align with global development goals.

Key Findings

• Global Hunger Levels: In 2021, the number of people facing acute food insecurity reached nearly 193 million, an increase of 40 million compared to 2020.
• Crisis and Worse Conditions: Over 40 million people faced Emergency or worse (IPC/CH Phase 4 or above) conditions, with 570,000 people in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) in four countries.
• Catastrophe in 2021: The highest number of people in Catastrophe conditions in GRFC history was recorded in 2021, with 570,000 people affected.
• Top 10 Food Crisis Countries: The ten countries/territories with the highest number of people in Crisis or worse (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above) or equivalent in 2021 included Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Yemen, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Haiti, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Sudan, and northern Nigeria.
• Primary Drivers: Conflict/insecurity was the main driver in 7 of the 10 countries, with economic shocks and weather extremes also playing significant roles.
• Malnutrition: Malnutrition remained at critical levels, with 26 million children under 5 suffering from wasting in 2021. In the ten largest food crises, 17.5 million children were wasted.
• Displacement: 45 million IDPs were in 24 food-crisis countries/territories in 2021, with 15.3 million refugees and asylum seekers hosted in 52 food-crisis countries/territories.
• 2022 Outlook: The situation is expected to worsen in 2022, with 179–181 million people in 41 out of 53 countries/territories forecasted to be in Crisis or worse (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above) or equivalent.
• Catastrophe Projections: 329,000 people will likely face Catastrophe conditions in three countries in 2022. Yemen is expected to have populations in Catastrophe conditions for the fifth consecutive year, with 161,000 people projected to be in this phase in the second half of 2022. A famine risk could emerge in Somalia if the April-June Gu season rains fail, conflict intensifies, and food prices continue to rise.
• Ukraine: An estimated 2.5–4.99 million people in Ukraine will need humanitarian assistance in the near term due to the war's impact on food, energy, and fertilizer prices and supplies.

Main Points

• The GRFC 2022 is a collaborative effort by 17 agencies, with support from the FSIN and various donors.
• Data and Analysis: The report uses data from the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) and Cadre Harmonisé (CH) to estimate food insecurity levels.
• Impact of the Ukraine War: The war has significantly exacerbated the global food crisis, contributing to higher food prices, supply chain disruptions, and increased vulnerability for many countries.
• Climate and Economic Factors: Weather extremes and economic shocks have intensified food insecurity in many regions, particularly in Africa, Eurasia, and Latin America.
• Humanitarian Response: The report calls for increased funding and support for food assistance, highlighting the current shortfall in global humanitarian and development funding for food crises.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The report aligns with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Agreement, emphasizing the need for long-term strategies to address the root causes of hunger and malnutrition.

Key Drivers of Acute Food Insecurity in 2021

• Conflict/Insecurity: The primary driver in 24 countries, affecting 139 million people.
• Economic Shocks: Affecting 21 countries, with 30.2 million people in Crisis or worse.
• Weather Extremes: Affecting 8 African countries, impacting 23.5 million people.

Challenges and Recommendations

• The report highlights the interconnectedness of food insecurity drivers, particularly the impact of the Ukraine war on global food systems.
• It stresses the need for at-scale action to protect vulnerable populations and support sustainable food systems.
• Investment in farmers and rural communities is essential to improve productivity, market access, and resilience to shocks.
• Humanitarian funding must be increased to meet growing needs, especially in the context of pandemic-related economic slowdowns and prioritization of public health responses.

Conclusion

The 2022 Global Report on Food Crises serves as a critical call to action, emphasizing the urgent need for global and local responses to the escalating food insecurity and malnutrition crisis. It underscores the importance of data-driven decision-making and the necessity of a coordinated, multi-agency approach to address the complex and interconnected challenges facing vulnerable populations.