2014年-世界发展银行全球_CPIA_Africa_June_2014___Assessing_Africas_Policies_and_Institutions_84页_7mb

2013 CPIA Results for Africa Summary

Core Content

The 2013 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) report for Africa provides an analysis of the quality of policies and institutions across 39 African countries eligible for support from the International Development Association (IDA). The report includes an expanded coverage to include Djibouti and Yemen from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The CPIA scores are based on 16 dimensions grouped into four clusters: Economic Management (Cluster A), Structural Policies (Cluster B), Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity (Cluster C), and Public Sector Management and Institutions (Cluster D). These scores range from 1 to 6, with 6 being the highest, and are used to determine IDA resource allocation to the poorest countries.

Main Points and Key Findings

• Overall CPIA Trends:

  • The overall CPIA score for Sub-Saharan African countries remained stable at 3.2 in 2013.
  • Divergence in country performance was significant, with one-fifth of countries showing improvement and one-fifth showing a decline.
  • Fragile countries continued to underperform compared to non-fragile countries, with an average CPIA score of 2.8 versus 3.5.
  • The correlation between CPIA scores and poverty reduction is low (-0.21), indicating that Africa's growth has not been effectively converted into poverty reduction due to high inequality and non-inclusive growth patterns.

• Cluster Performance:

  • Cluster A (Economic Management): The regional score was 3.4, with some improvements in debt policy and management. However, fiscal slippage in several countries, including Ghana and Zambia, negatively affected CPIA scores.
  • Cluster B (Structural Policies): The regional score remained at 3.2. Trade policy improvements in a few countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda, helped lift the regional score. Trade facilitation remains a major challenge, especially for fragile states.
  • Cluster C (Social Inclusion and Equity): Not detailed in the summary, but noted as a key component of CPIA.
  • Cluster D (Public Sector Management and Institutions): The regional score was 3.3, with a notable gap between fragile and non-fragile countries. Public sector management remains a critical area for improvement.

• Country-Specific Highlights:

  • Rwanda, Cabo Verde, and Kenya recorded the highest CPIA scores.
  • South Sudan and Eritrea remained at the low end of the score range.
  • Côte d'Ivoire continued to improve its CPIA score due to wide-ranging policy reforms.
  • Nigeria and Tanzania showed progress in debt management and policy planning.

• Regional Comparisons:

  • Africa's CPIA scores are still lower than those of other regions, particularly in trade facilitation.
  • The average CPIA score for non-fragile African countries is now similar to non-fragile countries elsewhere, but the gap remains with other fragile countries.

Key Challenges and Opportunities

• Fragile Countries: Continue to face deep policy and governance challenges, with a significant performance gap compared to non-fragile countries. These countries require focused efforts to improve trade facilitation, transparency, and institutional capacity.
• Fiscal Policy: Expansionary fiscal policies in many countries have led to increased government spending and rising fiscal deficits, which can make the region more vulnerable to external shocks.
• Debt Management: The region's debt-to-GDP ratio increased from 29% in 2008 to 34% in 2013. Some countries, like Ghana and Senegal, saw sharp increases in their debt ratios, while others improved their debt management practices.
• Trade Policy: The report highlights the need for reforms to remove non-tariff barriers and improve trade facilitation. While some countries improved their trade scores, the overall regional score remains below that of other regions.
• Financial Sector: Financial access and stability remain low in Africa, though some progress was noted in improving access to finance. The financial sector needs better regulation, risk management, and greater integration with international markets.

Conclusion

The 2013 CPIA report underscores the importance of improving policy and institutional quality across all four clusters for sustainable development and poverty reduction in Africa. While some countries have made progress, particularly in economic management and trade policy, fragile states remain a major challenge. The report calls for continued efforts in enhancing transparency, improving public financial management, and addressing the structural and institutional weaknesses that hinder effective policy implementation.