2015年-世界发展银行全球_Africa_Transport_Policies_Performance_Review___The_Need_for_More_Robust_Transport_Policies_65页_2mb

Africa Transport Policy Performance Review Summary

Core Content

The Africa Transport Policy Performance Review, published in January 2015 by the SSATP (Africa Transport Policy Program), evaluates the effectiveness of transport policies across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and highlights the need for more robust and transformative strategies to improve the sector's performance and support economic development.

Main Viewpoints

• Transport policies are crucial for economic growth and poverty reduction, but they need to evolve beyond simply addressing the infrastructure gap to tackle the accessibility gap.
• Good governance is essential for effective transport policy implementation, particularly in terms of monitoring and evaluation (M&E).
• The SSATP has expanded its focus from the road sector to include rail, ports, and corridors, emphasizing the pro-poor and pro-growth aspects of transport strategies.
• Private sector involvement is encouraged, but it faces challenges due to high capital requirements, low traffic volumes, and lack of clear policy frameworks.

Key Information

I. Transport Policies to Sustain Development Objectives

• Economic growth in Africa has been notable, with GDP growth rates over 5% per annum in recent years.
• Transport policies have contributed to economic resilience and institutional development.
• However, transport costs remain high, with African countries paying more than twice the world average (12.6% vs. 6.1%).
• Urbanization and climate change are emerging challenges that affect transport performance.

II. Policy Development - Objectives to Outcomes

• Policy objectives are often linked to poverty reduction and economic growth.
• Implementation challenges are widespread, including revenue stagnation, misuse of resources, and weak governance.
• M&E is a critical but underdeveloped component of the transport policy process, particularly in areas like road safety and air pollution.

III. Road Sector Policy Performance

• Road funds and road agencies have been created to improve road maintenance and user charges.
• Performance has improved in some areas, but governance and accountability remain weak.
• Road safety is a major concern, with 24.1 road fatalities per 100,000 population, the highest in the world.
• Reforms have led to better infrastructure, but cost recovery and tariff adjustments are still lacking.

IV. Rail Sector Policy Performance

• Rail reforms have been implemented in most countries, often involving private sector participation.
• These reforms have reduced fiscal burdens on public finances but have not significantly improved railway efficiency or profitability.
• Private sector involvement has been limited due to overoptimistic projections and lack of recapitalization.
• Railways need to be treated as businesses, not public services, to improve performance.

V. Port & Maritime Sector Policy Performance

• Concessioned terminals have improved operational efficiency, but market forces have not led to significant cost reductions.
• Cargo dwell time is still high, and logistics infrastructure is poor.
• Ports need affordable and competitive services, and Regional Economic Communities (RECs) should play a role in promoting competition and reducing costs.

VI. Corridor/Transit Traffic Policy Performance

• Regional corridors are important for trade facilitation, but non-infrastructure barriers and poor logistics hinder efficiency.
• Policy decisions on corridor management are needed to improve transit traffic and cross-border efficiency.

Lessons and Way Forward

• Public-private partnerships (PPP) are essential but require strong policy and institutional frameworks.
• Simplification of policy objectives and indicators is necessary to ensure effective M&E.
• Transport policies should align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in agriculture, health, energy, and climate change.
• Operational autonomy and corporate governance must be safeguarded to ensure effective reforms.

Recommendations

• Sector ministries should develop strong internal capacity for policy development, oversight, and performance monitoring.
• Policy frameworks should be simplified and aligned with local realities.
• Transport policies must support the SDGs and address key areas such as climate change, urban mobility, and road safety.
• Reforms in the rail and port sectors should focus on business models, affordable investment, and fair competition.
• Corridor management should be prioritized with dedicated capacity and resources.

Conclusion

The review underscores the importance of good governance, effective M&E, and transformative policies for improving transport efficiency and economic competitiveness in Africa. It highlights the need for continuous policy development, private sector engagement, and alignment with global development goals. The SSATP aims to provide a framework for performance monitoring and guidance for future reforms.

References

• SSATP (Africa Transport Policy Program)
• World Bank
• African Development Bank
• CPCS (Canadian Pacific Consulting Services)
• OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

Acronyms

• SSATP: Africa Transport Policy Program
• AICD: Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic
• PPP: Public-Private Partnership
• SDG: Sustainable Development Goal
• M&E: Monitoring & Evaluation
• REC: Regional Economic Community
• WATTFP: West African Transport & Transit Facilitation Project
• ALCO: Abdijan-Lagos Corridor Organisation
• ASANRA: Association of Southern African National Road Agencies
• ZRL: Zambia Railways Limited

This summary provides a structured overview of the Africa Transport Policy Performance Review, highlighting the core content, main viewpoints, and key recommendations for improving the transport sector in Africa.