2012年-世界发展银行全球_CPIA_Africa_June_2012___Assessing_Africas_Policies_and_Institutions_58页_3mb

报告摘要

CPIA Africa 2011 Summary

Core Content

The Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) report for Africa in 2011 provides an overview of the quality of policies and institutions in 38 IDA-eligible African countries. The report highlights that despite global economic challenges, most Sub-Saharan African countries maintained or improved their policy and institutional frameworks. The CPIA scores are based on assessments across 16 dimensions, grouped into four clusters:

Cluster A: Economic Management
Cluster B: Structural Policies
Cluster C: Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity
Cluster D: Public Sector Management and Institutions

The report underscores the importance of CPIA in monitoring and benchmarking development progress and its potential utility for various stakeholders.

Main Points

Overall CPIA Trends

The average CPIA score for African IDA countries in 2011 was 3.2, the same as in 2010.
13 countries saw an improvement of at least 0.1 in their CPIA scores.
Five countries experienced a decline of 0.1 or more.
Fragile states (17 out of 33 globally) generally have lower CPIA scores, averaging 2.7, compared to 3.5 for non-fragile countries.
Resource-rich countries tend to have lower CPIA scores than non-resource-rich countries, with averages of 3.0 and 3.3, respectively.

Key Improvements

Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, and Zimbabwe showed significant improvements in CPIA scores in 2011.
Cape Verde has consistently ranked high, with a score of 4.0, though it saw a slight decline in 2011.
Eritrea and Zimbabwe have the lowest CPIA scores, at 2.2 and 2.0, respectively.

Cluster Performance

Cluster A (Economic Management) performed best, with an average score of 3.4, reflecting macroeconomic stability and prudent policies.
Cluster B (Structural Policies) had an average score of 3.6, showing progress in trade and financial sector reforms.
Cluster C (Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity) had an average score of 3.2, with notable progress in gender equality and education.
Cluster D (Public Sector Management and Institutions) lagged behind, with an average score of 2.7, indicating challenges in governance, transparency, and public administration.

Key Information

Economic Management

Sub-Saharan Africa showed resilience to global economic shocks, with 4.7% GDP growth in 2011.
Monetary and exchange rate policies were generally prudent, with an average score of 3.6.
Fiscal policy scored 3.4, and debt policy scored 3.3.
The fiscal deficit increased to 2 percentage points above 2008 levels due to expansionary fiscal policies.

Structural Policies

Trade remains a critical area, with an average CPIA score of 3.6.
External tariffs have declined over the past 20 years, but non-tariff barriers have become more significant.
Trade facilitation has improved in some countries, but regulatory inefficiencies continue to be a challenge.
Transport and logistics are major contributors to trade costs, with some countries like Senegal performing better than others like Chad.

Social Inclusion and Equity

Gender equality scores ranged from 2.5 to 4.5, with an average of 3.2.
Rwanda and Cape Verde scored high due to strong legal protections and low inequality in education and health.
Maternal mortality remains a challenge, with Angola, Liberia, and Rwanda showing progress, while Cameroon and Chad have stagnated.
Education and health have seen improvements, but quality and efficiency in these sectors remain issues.

Social Protection and Labor

Social protection has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies.
Coverage of social protection programs is low, with only 20% of Africans benefiting from publicly provided social protection.
Pensions, old age savings, and labor market policies are underdeveloped in most African countries.

Environmental Sustainability

Environmental policies and institutions are underdeveloped, with an average CPIA score of 3.0.
Access to information and public participation are areas for improvement.
Implementation and enforcement of environmental policies remain weak.

Conclusion

The 2011 CPIA results for Africa indicate overall stability in policy and institutional quality, with some improvements and notable declines. While economic management and structural policies have shown stronger performance, governance and public sector management remain challenges, especially in fragile states. The report emphasizes the need for continued reforms in areas such as trade facilitation, financial sector development, and social protection to enhance development outcomes and institutional capacity across the continent.