英文_IRENA_追踪可持续发展目标7-2025年能源进展报告_187页_18mb

Summary of Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report (2025)

Core Content

Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report is an annual publication by five custodian agencies: the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO). It serves as the global reference for tracking progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all."

The report provides updated statistics and policy insights on key areas related to SDG 7, including access to electricity, clean cooking, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and international financial flows for clean energy. It highlights the challenges and opportunities in achieving the 2030 targets and underscores the need for accelerated action, especially in regions with the largest gaps.

Main Views

1. Access to Electricity

• Global Progress: Almost 92% of the global population has access to electricity, up from 87% in 2010.
• Key Trends:
  • The number of people without electricity decreased to 666 million in 2023, a reduction of 19 million from the previous year.
  • Rural electrification remains a major challenge, with 84% of people without electricity living in rural areas in 2023.
  • The access gap in Sub-Saharan Africa remains high, with only a 5 million reduction in the unconnected population in 2023 due to rapid population growth.
• Regional Highlights:
  • Central and Southern Asia have made significant progress, reducing their access gap from 414 million in 2010 to 27 million in 2023.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa is the largest contributor to the global electricity access deficit, accounting for 85% of the population without electricity.
• Solutions:
  • Decentralized renewable energy solutions, such as mini-grids and off-grid solar, are playing an increasingly important role.
  • These solutions are cost-effective, scalable, and resilient to macroeconomic challenges.
  • They offer an opportunity to attract both public and private sector investment.

2. Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking

• Global Progress: 74% of the global population had access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in 2023, up from 64% in 2015.
• Key Trends:
  • Around 2.1 billion people still rely on polluting fuels such as wood, dung, and kerosene for cooking.
  • If current trends continue, only 78% of the global population will have access to clean cooking by 2030.
• Regional Highlights:
  • Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest access deficit, with the number of people without clean cooking increasing by 14 million annually.
  • SIDS, LLDCs, and LDCs lag significantly behind the global average, with only 60%, 28%, and 21% access respectively.
• Challenges:
  • Clean cooking adoption has stagnated in smaller, less-developed countries.
  • Women and children are disproportionately affected by the lack of access, as they often bear the burden of cooking and fuel collection.
• Urgency:
  • With only five years left to achieve universal access, urgent action is required to scale up investments and support vulnerable populations.

3. Renewable Energy

• Global Progress: Renewable energy accounted for 17.9% of total final energy consumption (TFEC) in 2022, up from 15.6% in 2015.
• Key Trends:
  • Renewables-based electricity use increased by almost 8% from 2021 to 2022 and by 56% since 2015.
  • Renewables now make up nearly 30% of global electricity consumption.
  • Wind and solar PV generation more than tripled from 2015 to 2022.
• Regional Highlights:
  • Latin America and the Caribbean had the highest share of modern renewable uses at 28% of TFEC.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa had a renewable share of around 67%, but modern uses represented only 12% of TFEC.
• Challenges:
  • The pace of progress in Sub-Saharan Africa remains slow.
  • No quantitative target has been set for 7.2, but current trends are insufficient to meet international climate and development goals.

4. Energy Efficiency

• Global Progress: Energy intensity dropped from 4.26 MJ/USD in 2015 to 3.87 MJ/USD in 2022.
• Key Trends:
  • Energy efficiency improvements have been modest, though promising.
  • Continued innovation and policy support are critical to achieving the 2030 target.
• Challenges:
  • Energy efficiency performance varies widely across countries and regions.
  • Greater investment and regulatory support are needed to enhance efficiency.

5. International Public Financial Flows

• Global Progress: International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy reached USD 21.6 billion in 2023, up from USD 12.1 billion in 2015.
• Key Trends:
  • These flows are essential for advancing clean energy and achieving SDG 7.
  • The 2025 Dar es Salaam Declaration, endorsed by 48 African countries, aims to expand electricity access.
• Challenges:
  • Funding for clean energy remains insufficient to meet the scale of the challenge.
  • Innovative financing mechanisms, such as blended finance and monetization of environmental benefits, are needed to complement traditional approaches.

Key Information

• Data Sources: The report uses the Global Electrification Database (World Bank) and the Global Household Energy Database (WHO), along with energy balance statistics from IEA and UNSD.
• Partnerships: The report was developed through collaboration with numerous international organizations, including the African Development Bank, European Commission, and the United Nations.
• Outreach: The report was edited by Stephen D. Spector and Steven B. Kennedy, and designed by Duina Reyes. An online platform for tracking SDG 7 progress is available at https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org.
• License: The report is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 IGO license.

Conclusion

Despite progress in electricity access and renewable energy deployment, the report emphasizes that the world is not on track to achieve the SDG 7 targets by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, faces significant challenges in both electricity and clean cooking access. Accelerated investment, supportive policies, and inclusive strategies are necessary to ensure equitable and sustainable energy transitions. The report calls for greater collaboration among governments, the private sector, and international organizations to address regional disparities and support vulnerable communities.