世界银行-追踪可持续发展目标7_2024年能源进展报告（英）_178页_28mb

Summary of the 2024 Energy Progress Report (Tracking SDG 7)

Core Content

The Energy Progress Report (2024), jointly produced by the five SDG 7 custodian agencies—International Energy Agency (IEA), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), World Bank, and World Health Organization (WHO)—provides an overview of global progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to ensure affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.

The report highlights the key indicators and progress trends across various energy-related areas, including access to electricity, access to clean cooking, renewable energy share, energy efficiency, and international financial flows to support clean energy in developing countries. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities in achieving the 2030 targets.

Main Points and Key Information

1. Access to Electricity (SDG 7.1.1)

• Global access: 91% of the world’s population had access to electricity in 2022, up from 78% in 2000.
• Progress: 48 countries achieved universal access between 2010 and 2020.
• Challenges: Population growth outpaced access growth between 2020 and 2022, increasing the number of people without access by 10 million.
• Regional disparities:
  • Central and Southern Asia saw the largest growth in access (40.1 million/year), outpacing population growth.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest share of the global deficit (83.3% in 2022), with access deficits in rural areas increasing.
• Decentralized solutions: Solar home systems and mini-grids are playing a crucial role in expanding access, especially in remote and low-income areas.
• Projected outcome: Under current scenarios, the access gap is expected to close to 8% by 2030, leaving around 660 million people without electricity.

2. Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking (SDG 7.1.2)

• Global access: 74% of the world’s population had access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in 2022, up from 64% in 2015.
• Still a challenge: 2.1 billion people still rely on polluting fuels (charcoal, wood, dung, etc.) for cooking.
• Projected outcome: If current trends continue, only 79% of the global population will have access to clean cooking by 2030.
• Regional trends:
  • Eastern and Southeastern Asia and Central and Southern Asia saw consistent reductions in the access deficit since 2000 and 2010, respectively.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa has a growing deficit, with 79% of its population using polluting fuels in 2022.
• Urban-rural gap: In Sub-Saharan Africa, only 7% of rural households have access to clean cooking, compared to 40% in urban areas.

3. Renewable Energy (SDG 7.2)

• Global share: 18.7% of total final energy consumption (TFEC) came from renewables in 2021.
• Modern renewables: Only 12.5% of TFEC was from modern renewables (excluding traditional biomass), a marginal increase from 2010.
• Growth drivers: Renewable electricity consumption increased by almost half (from 23% to 28.2%) between 2015 and 2021, driven by wind and solar PV.
• Per capita capacity: In 2022, global per capita renewable generating capacity reached 424 watts, compared to 250 watts in 2015.
• Regional highlights:
  • Latin America and the Caribbean had the highest share of modern renewables (28% of TFEC).
  • United Kingdom and Indonesia made the most progress in modern renewable use (up 9 and 7 percentage points, respectively).
• Need for acceleration: To meet the UAE Consensus (agreed at COP28), renewable capacity must be tripled by 2030, requiring strong policy action and international support.

4. Energy Efficiency (SDG 7.3)

• Target: Energy intensity must improve by 2.6% annually between 2010 and 2030.
• Current progress: The rate of improvement in energy efficiency fell short of the target in all years except 2015.
• Required rate: The rate of improvement from 2022 to 2030 must now exceed 3.8% to meet the 2030 target.
• Regional performance:
  • Oceania achieved the highest improvement (7%).
  • Northern America and Europe improved by only 0.2%, slowing global progress.
• Sectoral improvements:
  • Industry and passenger transport improved by 1.6% annually.
  • Freight transport improved by only 0.4%.
  • Residential sector improved by 0.9% annually.
• Key factors: Shifts to more efficient and renewable energy sources, and the electrification of end uses, are contributing to improved energy efficiency.

5. International Public Financial Flows (SDG 7.a.1)

• 2022 financial flows: USD 15.4 billion were invested in clean energy R&D and production in developing countries.
• Trend: This is a 25% increase from 2021, but still below the 2016 peak of USD 28.5 billion.
• Need for more investment: Additional funding is essential to support the transition to clean energy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Outlook for SDG 7

• Current pace: Progress is not sufficient to meet the 2030 targets.
• Key challenges:
  • Macroeconomic uncertainty, inflation, and debt distress.
  • Supply chain issues and rising material prices.
  • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ukraine war, and energy price hikes.
• Opportunities:
  • Decentralized renewable energy solutions.
  • Strengthened international collaboration and financial support.
  • Policy frameworks that promote clean energy and energy efficiency.

Data and Methodology

• Data sources:
  • World Bank’s Global Electrification Database.
  • WHO’s Global Household Energy Database.
  • IEA and UNSD for energy balance and efficiency indicators.
  • IRENA’s Public Investments Database and OECD/DAC Creditor Reporting System for financial flows.
• Indicators: The report tracks key SDG 7 indicators, including access to electricity, clean cooking, renewable energy, and energy efficiency.
• Data availability: Detailed datasets are available at https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads.

Conclusion

The Energy Progress Report 2024 underscores the importance of accelerating progress in energy access, efficiency, and renewable energy deployment to meet the 2030 SDG 7 targets. While some regions have made notable gains, others, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, face significant challenges. The report calls for international cooperation, policy innovation, and increased financial support to ensure that the UAE Consensus and climate goals are met.