_2025年能源进展报告_（英）_187页_19mb

Summary of Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025

Core Content

Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025 is a collaborative effort by five custodian agencies: the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO). It provides a comprehensive overview of global progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all."

The report highlights key indicators and data across five main areas: access to electricity, access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and international public financial flows to support clean energy. It also outlines the outlook for SDG 7 and discusses the policy and technical challenges that need to be addressed to meet the 2030 targets.

Main Points and Key Information

Global Access to Electricity

• Access Rate: 92% of the world's population has access to electricity, up from 87% in 2010.
• Population Without Access: 666 million people (as of 2023), a decrease of 19 million from the previous year.
• Regional Progress:
  • Central and Southern Asia saw significant improvements, reducing the number of people without access from 414 million in 2010 to 27 million in 2023.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the largest access gap, accounting for 85% of the global population without electricity.
• Urban-Rural Divide:
  • 84% of those without electricity live in rural areas.
  • Rural electrification has outpaced urban progress, but the gap remains wide in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Key Solutions:
  • Mini-grids and off-grid solar are critical for expanding access, especially in remote and low-income areas.
  • These solutions are more cost-effective and faster to deploy than traditional grid extensions.

Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking

• Access Rate: 74% of the global population had access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in 2023, up from 64% in 2015.
• Population Without Access: 2.1 billion people still rely on polluting fuels such as wood, dung, and kerosene.
• Projected 2030 Access: If current trends continue, only 78% of the population will have access to clean cooking, leaving 1.8 billion people without it.
• Regional Disparities:
  • Small Island Developing States (SIDS): 60% access rate.
  • Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs): 28% access rate.
  • Least Developed Countries (LDCs): 21% access rate.
• Impact on Vulnerable Populations:
  • Women and children are disproportionately affected due to the time spent on cooking and fuel collection.
  • Household air pollution from traditional fuels leads to health issues and limits educational and economic opportunities.
• Need for Urgent Action:
  • Current efforts are insufficient to meet the 2030 target.
  • Integration of clean cooking into broader energy access strategies is essential for a just and inclusive transition.

Renewable Energy

• Global Share in TFEC: 17.9% in 2022, up from 15.6% in 2015.
• Growth Trends:
  • Renewables-based electricity use increased by 56% since 2015.
  • In 2022, it rose by almost 8% compared to 2021.
• Key Sources:
  • Solar and wind energy have seen significant growth, with solar PV and wind generation more than tripling since 2015.
  • Hydropower remains the dominant renewable source for electricity.
• Regional Differences:
  • Latin America and the Caribbean have the highest share of modern renewable uses at 28% of TFEC.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa has a high share of renewable energy (around two-thirds of TFEC), but modern uses are limited to 12%.
• Challenges:
  • Policy support, resource availability, and energy efficiency performance vary widely.
  • The need for accelerated deployment to meet the 2030 climate and development targets is emphasized.

Energy Efficiency

• Energy Intensity: 3.87 MJ/USD in 2022, down from 4.26 MJ/USD in 2015.
• Progress:
  • Energy efficiency improvements have been modest but are considered insufficient for global climate goals.
• Policy and Innovation:
  • Continued innovation and policy support are needed to enhance efficiency.
  • The 2023 COP28 agreement aims to double the global average annual rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.

International Public Financial Flows

• Clean Energy Funding:
  • Increased from 12.1 USD billion in 2023 to 21.6 USD billion in 2023.
• Focus Areas:
  • Investment in clean energy research and development, renewable energy production, and hybrid systems.
• Need for More Funding:
  • Additional investment is required to support the energy transition, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Outlook for SDG 7

• 2030 Targets Remain Off Track:
  • Progress in electricity access and clean cooking is lagging, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Key Drivers:
  • Policy progress and technological innovation have shown some positive results.
  • The 2025 Dar es Salaam Declaration has been endorsed by 48 African countries to expand electricity access.
• Future Challenges:
  • Addressing regional disparities and ensuring equitable access.
  • Enhancing data quality, regulatory frameworks, and financing mechanisms.
  • Focusing on marginalized communities and empowering women and youth.

Tracking Progress Across Targets

• Indicators and Data:
  • The report includes detailed indicators and data for tracking progress toward SDG 7.
  • It provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating the achievement of SDG 7 targets.
• Collaboration:
  • The report was developed through collaboration among custodian agencies and supported by various stakeholders and international organizations.
• Data Sources:
  • Utilizes data from the World Bank and WHO household surveys, IEA and UNSD energy balance statistics, and IRENA financial flows databases.

Conclusion

To achieve the goals of SDG 7, there is a need for accelerated progress in electricity access, clean cooking, renewable energy deployment, and energy efficiency improvements. This requires a combination of policy support, technological innovation, increased investment, and inclusive strategies that address regional disparities and support vulnerable populations. The report underscores the importance of international cooperation and the role of various stakeholders in driving the energy transition toward a sustainable and equitable future.