激光雷达_在自动驾驶的道路上（英文版）_9页_2mb

LIDAR: On the Road to Autonomous Driving Summary

Core Content

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a critical technology for the advancement of autonomous driving systems. It uses laser light to create a high-resolution 3D map of the surrounding environment, which is essential for enabling self-driving cars to operate safely and effectively. LIDAR works in conjunction with other sensors like cameras and radar to provide a comprehensive perception of the driving environment.

Main Applications of LIDAR in Autonomous Driving

• L2 to L5 descriptions are based on the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards for autonomous driving systems.
  ** L3, L4, and L5 platforms require increased sensor redundancy.

Typical Automotive Applications for LIDAR

Short-Range LIDAR (SRL)

• Used in L2 and L3 systems, competing with radar
• Detects pedestrians and cyclists at corners
• Sensing range up to 200m for high-speed vehicle detection

Long-Range LIDAR (LRL)

• Utilized in L3, L4, and L5 systems
• Complements radar and cameras
• Sensing environment up to 250m (some OEMs request up to 400m)
• Must detect objects with low reflectivity (~10%) and be eye-safe (class 1 laser product)

Key LIDAR Technologies

Flash LIDAR

• Uses laser emitter arrays to illuminate the entire scene
• Photo detectors collect reflected light waves

Solid-State Scanning

• Laser beams are directed using MEMS mirrors (1D or 2D)
• Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) reconstruct images from point clouds

Other Solid-State Technologies

• Proprietary and not widely disclosed at present

ASIC Technologies

• Includes detector array, laser array, and laser beams
• Involves rotating mirrors and scanning angles

Key Technologies Enabling Next-Generation Automotive LIDAR

• Emitter: 4 types, essential for long-range detection and eye safety
• Detector: 5 types, crucial for long-range and resolution
• Beam Steering: 12 types, helps achieve field of view, resolution, and miniaturization

Most LIDAR suppliers now focus on semiconductor innovations to differentiate their products.

LIDAR OEMs & Suppliers: The Business Today

• OEMs are currently agnostic to LIDAR technology but are pushing for autonomous driving platforms by 2020
• The LIDAR market is expected to become more competitive after 2020 with over 10 suppliers
• Key players include both traditional automotive suppliers and non-automotive optical companies, with growing strategic partnerships

Strategic Partnerships

• Autoliv acquires LIDAR expertise from Fotonic i Norden AB
• Autoliv uses Velodyne software for LIDAR modules
• Magneti Marelli acquires stakes in Leddartech
• Delphi and Magna fund and offer Innoviz Technologies LIDAR
• Magna partners with Innoviz Technologies for MEMS-scanning LIDAR
• Osram acquires a 25% stake in Leddartech
• Trilumina and Analog Devices collaborate on solid-state LIDAR chip solutions

LIDAR Prospects: Solid and Robust

• Automotive LIDAR revenues are projected to grow significantly between 2016 and 2026
• The technology is expected to play a pivotal role in the future of autonomous vehicles

Challenges

• Mechanical scanning LIDAR is susceptible to shocks, vibrations, and degradation
• Large form factor and high cost hinder volume production
• High-resolution solid-state LIDAR with automotive-grade requirements remains challenging due to high development and manufacturing costs

Opportunities

• OEMs are beginning to integrate LIDAR into L3 and L4 platforms during vehicle production
• A market consolidation is expected in the next 10–15 years, with only three LIDAR technologies likely to remain dominant
• Suppliers aligned with these winning technologies will have significant growth opportunities

Conclusion

LIDAR is a foundational technology for the future of autonomous driving, providing essential 3D perception capabilities. While current systems do not fully meet the performance needs of advanced autonomous vehicles, the industry is actively developing new technologies to overcome existing limitations. With growing OEM adoption and strategic partnerships, the LIDAR market is poised for significant growth and innovation.