2022-10-30-世界卫生组织-Antimicrobial_resistance_TrACSS_Kenya_2022_country_profile_10页_282kb

Kenia 2022 TrACSS 国家报告总结

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat causing significant health, economic, and environmental challenges, with recent estimates indicating nearly 5 million global deaths in 2019 linked to AMR.

Kenya is actively engaged in addressing AMR through the implementation of the Global Action Plan on AMR and has developed a National Action Plan on AMR (NAP). The Tracking AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS) monitors progress in AMR governance and action plans across multiple sectors.

Multisectoral Coordination and NAP Implementation

• Kenya has a formalized multi-sectoral coordination mechanism for AMR.
• A National Action Plan on AMR is developed and Kenya is in the process of revising or developing a new plan.
• A monitoring and evaluation plan for the NAP exists.

Key sectors involved include Human Health, Terrestrial Animal Health, Aquatic Animal Health, Plant Health, Food Production, Food Safety, and the Environment.

Human Health Sector

• Training and education on AMR in human health are ongoing but limited.
• Monitoring antimicrobial consumption in human health is insufficient.
• A national surveillance system for AMR is being developed but lacks standardization.
• Infection prevention and control (IPC) is an area requiring improvement.
• Adoption of the “AWaRe” classification of antibiotics into the National Essential Medicines List is ongoing.

Human health indicators generally show ratings between Limited (B) and Developed (C), with some progress made toward achieving higher levels (D-E).

Animal Health Sector

• Training and education in AMR for terrestrial and aquatic animal health sectors are ongoing, with increasing focus.
• Kenya has active surveillance for AMR in live terrestrial animals (rated E) but not for aquatic animals (rated B).
• Biosecurity and good husbandry practices are being implemented, but optimization of antimicrobial use needs improvement.
• Some indicators in animal health, particularly for aquatic animals, scored between Limited (B) and Developed (C).

Food and Agriculture Sector

• Training on AMR in agriculture, food production, and environmental aspects is ongoing.
• Antimicrobial use is monitored to reduce AMR, with an emphasis on good manufacturing and hygiene practices.
• Surveillance systems for AMR in food are being strengthened.

Indicators in the food and agricultural sector range from Low (A-B) to Developed (C-E).

Environment Sector

• Kenya did not fully complete assessments for risks related to antimicrobial residues in the environment or regulations to prevent contamination or monitor residues in water quality, highlighting gaps in environmental AMR strategies.
• Enhancing One Health approaches is essential for addressing AMR.

Cross-Cutting Issues

• Kenya reported access to legal frameworks for the prescription and sale of antimicrobials, primarily for human and terrestrial animal use, but lacks regulations for aquatic animal use and medicated feed.
• Nationally integrated surveillance systems are being established or improved.
• Awareness campaigns exist for general public understanding of AMR but are limited, especially among youth (only 20% have youth education programs).

Challenges and Next Steps

• Financial, human resources, technical capacity, and inconsistent political commitment are key barriers to effective AMR implementation.
• Enhanced data quality, consistent use of monitoring and surveillance data, and stronger enforcement of regulations are critical for improving progress.

Kenya demonstrates commendable steps toward strengthening AMR governance and action; however, broad efforts are needed to move toward full implementation, particularly in surveillance, monitoring, and targeted awareness campaigns. Multisectoral cooperation is essential for tackling AMR comprehensively with a One Health approach.