2022-10-30-世界卫生组织-Antimicrobial_resistance_TrACSS_Sweden_2022_country_profile_10页_267kb

报告摘要

Summary of the 2022 TrACSS Country Report for Sweden

Core Content

The Tracking AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS) is an annual tool used to monitor the implementation of National Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAPs) globally. Adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2015 and endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 2016, TrACSS aims to assess national capacity and progress in key areas related to AMR across human health, animal health, food and agriculture, and the environment. The 2022 TrACSS saw the highest participation rate yet, with 86% of countries responding.

Sweden is classified as a high-income country with a population of 10,415,811. The report provides an overview of Sweden’s responses to the TrACSS questionnaire from 2018 to 2022 and benchmarks them against global averages. It highlights the importance of multisectoral coordination, training and education, surveillance systems, and legislation in the fight against AMR.

Key Indicators and Progress

Human Health

Training and Education on AMR: Sweden has demonstrated sustained progress (level D to E) in providing training to healthcare workers.
Monitoring Antimicrobial Consumption: Sweden has demonstrated progress (level E) in monitoring antimicrobial use in human health.
National Surveillance System: Sweden has demonstrated progress (level E) in establishing a national AMR surveillance system.
Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): Sweden has demonstrated progress (level E) in IPC measures.
Optimizing Antimicrobial Use: Sweden has demonstrated sustained progress (level D to E) in optimizing antimicrobial use.
Adoption of AWaRe Classification: Sweden has adopted the AWaRe classification into the National Essential Medicines List.

Animal Health

Training and Education: Sweden has demonstrated progress (level D to E) in providing AMR training to the veterinary and aquatic animal health sectors.
Surveillance Systems: Sweden has developed and demonstrated progress in AMR surveillance systems for both terrestrial and aquatic animals.
Biosecurity and Husbandry Practices: Sweden has demonstrated progress in implementing biosecurity and good animal husbandry practices to reduce antimicrobial use.
Integration of Laboratories: Sweden has demonstrated progress in integrating laboratories into AMR surveillance systems.

Food and Agriculture

Training and Education: Sweden has demonstrated progress in AMR training across agriculture, food production, and environmental sectors.
Surveillance Systems: Sweden has developed and demonstrated progress in establishing a national AMR surveillance system in food and agriculture.
Good Practices: Sweden has implemented good manufacturing and hygiene practices to reduce AMR development and transmission.
Pesticide Use: Sweden has demonstrated progress in optimizing the use of antimicrobial pesticides in plant production.

Environment

Risk Assessment for Antimicrobial Residues: Sweden has conducted a national assessment of risks for antimicrobial residues and resistant pathogens in the environment.
Legislation: Sweden has legislation to prevent environmental contamination with antimicrobials and their metabolites.
Water Quality Monitoring: Sweden has a system for regular monitoring of antimicrobial compounds and resistant bacteria in water quality.

Key Messages

Human Health

Ensure no one is left behind in AMR NAPs by considering gender, equity, disability, and vulnerable populations.
Systematic training of healthcare workers on AMR is essential to improve awareness and antimicrobial stewardship.
Robust monitoring systems for antimicrobial consumption and use are critical for data collection and enforcement of legislation.
IPC programs and improved WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) are key to preventing infections and reducing AMR spread.
Adopting AWaRe classification into the National Essential Medicines List helps optimize antimicrobial use.

Animal Health

Training and education for aquatic and terrestrial animal health professionals should be systematically incorporated into curricula.
Standardized national surveillance systems for AMR in animals are needed to ensure consistency and reliability of data.
Full laboratory integration into AMR surveillance is essential, with a National Reference Laboratory leading the coordination.

Food and Agriculture

More investment is needed in AMR training and education across food production, food safety, and environmental sectors.
AMR data collection and analysis are crucial for informed decision-making and policy development. The FAO InFARM platform is recommended for this purpose.
Good practices in animal husbandry and biosecurity should be promoted to reduce antimicrobial use and AMR transmission.
Prudent use of antimicrobials should be supported through legal frameworks and One Health approaches.

Environment

Environmental concerns must be integrated into AMR NAPs to address pollution from antimicrobials and resistant pathogens.
Risk assessments should be conducted to inform legislation and policy on environmental contamination.
Water quality improvement should include surveillance systems for antimicrobial residues and resistant genes (ARGs).

Global Benchmarks and Recommendations

Sweden’s responses are generally at a high level (D to E), indicating strong national capacity and implementation.
Multisectoral coordination is critical for the success of AMR NAPs. Sweden has formalized such mechanisms.
Sustainability of AMR NAPs requires integration into national strategies and budgets, including One Health, WASH, and climate change initiatives.
AMR awareness campaigns should be nationwide and targeted, with a focus on youth education to increase public understanding of AMR.
Data quality and use should be improved, with more countries using AMR and antimicrobial use data to inform policy and practice.
Monitoring and enforcement of antimicrobial legislation must be strengthened to ensure compliance and effective antimicrobial stewardship.