世界银行-加强圣卡塔琳娜州的农业支持_竞争性_绿色和包容性农业食品行业的政策（英）-2025_68页_2mb

Summary of World Bank Report: Enhancing Brazil’s Agriculture Support

Introduction

The report analyzes agricultural support policies in Santa Catarina, Brazil, using the OECD methodology between 2017-2021. It evaluates monetary transfers from government policies to producers and consumers, aiming to identify inefficiencies and recommend reforms for a competitive, green, and inclusive agrifood sector. The OECD indicators include Producer Support Estimate (PSE), Consumer Support Estimate (CSE), General Service Support Estimate (GSSE), and Total Support Estimate (TSE). The analysis shows low direct support but significant public investment in services, with implications for environmental impact and economic performance.

Economic Performance

• Brazil Overview: Brazil's GDP growth slowed from 12.6% in 2011 to 3.0% in 2020, with the agricultural sector showing strong resilience, contributing 5.7% to GDP in 2020 and recording 39.9% annual growth in value added. Agriculture exports reached $74.787 million in 2022, with China being the largest trading partner.

• Santa Catarina: The state contributed 4.6% to national GDP in 2020, with agricultural GDP value adding up to 8.0% annual growth between 2011-2020. The state ranks 15th in GHG emissions, with agriculture accounting for 37% and land use change for 9%.

• Key Indicators:
  Table: Economic Highlights in Brazil and Santa Catarina

  Indicator	Brazil (2020)	Santa Catarina (2020)
  GDP Contribution	5.7%	4.6%
  Annual GDP Growth	-9.6 p.p. (from 2019)	8.0%
  Agricultural Value Added Growth	39.9%	8.4%
  GHG Emissions	Not detailed	Agriculture: 37%, Land Use Change: 9%

Evaluation of Agricultural Support in Santa Catarina (2017-2021)

• Methodology: Based on OECD indicators, measuring transfers from taxpayers and consumers to producers and general services. No market price support (MPS) was observed during the period.
• PSE (Producer Support Estimate): The average %PSE was 0.06%, indicating low direct transfers. The majority of support (98.6%) came from payments based on inputs, while 1.4% was decoupled or green-oriented programs like environmental adequacy. Rice had the highest support (0.3%).
• CSE (Consumer Support Estimate): The average %CSE was 0.1%, reflecting implicit subsidies from consumer programs, while no transfers from consumer side due to non-intervention in prices.
• GSSE (General Service Support Estimate): Average annual investment was 100.3 million reais (1.0% of state agricultural GDP), with the largest allocations to marketing and R&D (30.5%) followed by infrastructure and inspection.
• TSE (Total Support Estimate): Average TSE was 177.8 million reais (0.95% of state agricultural GDP). GSSE accounted for 56.4%, PSE for 12.9%, and consumer transfers for 30.7%.
• Environmental Impact: Support for inputs contributed high emissions due to price supports. Decoupled payments were minimal and encouraged environmental practices, but public investment in green innovation was insufficient.

Recommendations

• Increase public goods and services: Raise GSSE to at least 1.5% of agricultural GDP, focusing on R&D and infrastructure to boost productivity and climate resilience.
• Realign direct producer support: Shift payments based on inputs toward decoupled subsidies and climate-smart agriculture to reduce distortions and emissions, ensuring environmental conditions are linked to funding.
• Expand risk management instruments: Invest in tools like agricultural insurance to address climate risks, especially for small farmers.
• Maintain consumer subsidies: Continue school feeding programs but target them to vulnerable populations.

Conclusions

Santa Catarina's agricultural support system is competitive but lacks environmental sustainability and inclusivity. The state's TSE average is comparable to other regions, but reforms are urgent to foster green recovery, adapt to climate change, and promote equitable growth.

• Comparative Data:
  Table: Average Support Levels in Santa Catarina vs. Brazil and OECD

  Indicator	Santa Catarina	Brazil	OECD
  PSE %	0.06%	2.08%	5.30%
  TSE / Ag GDP	0.95%	1.45%	5.30%