2025-05-06-世界银行-加强圣卡塔琳娜州的农业支持_竞争性_绿色和包容性农业食品行业的政策（英）_68页_3mb

Summary of Enhancing Brazil's Agriculture Support Report

Executive Summary

This report analyzes agricultural support policies in Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2017 to 2021, focusing on competitiveness, green growth, and inclusiveness. Using OECD methodology, key indicators include Producer Support Estimate (PSE), Consumer Support Estimate (CSE), General Services Support Estimate (GSSE), and Total Support Estimate (TSE). The average total support estimate (TSE) was approximately 0.95% of state agricultural GDP, which is relatively low compared to some Brazilian states but aligns with category-based supports. Most support was directed toward general services and consumer transfers, with environmental considerations noted for certain programs.

Key Findings

• Methodology: The OECD framework quantifies transfers from consumers and taxpayers to farmers and consumers.
• Economic Performance:
  • Brazil's agricultural sector has shown resilience in GDP contribution (e.g., 5.7% in 2020) and exports, growing at an average annual rate of 9.2% between 2017 and 2022.
  • Santa Catarina's agricultural GDP contribution was 5.6% in 2020, with GHG emissions comprising 44% of state emissions, largely from agriculture and land use.
• Support Evaluation:
  • Producer Support Estimate (%PSE) averaged 0.06% of gross income, indicating low direct support, with most transfers through input-based subsidies.
  • Consumer Support Estimate (%CSE) averaged 0.1%, reflecting minor implicit subsidies.
  • GSSE averaged 0.7% of AgGDP, funded primarily by taxpayers, with investments in research, infrastructure, and promotion.
  • Environmental impact: Input-based support showed negative environmental outcomes, but some programs included green criteria.
• Source Analysis: Taxpayers financed most transfers (≈85%), while consumer sources contributed minimally due to no market price interventions.

Recommendations

• Increase Support for Public Goods and Services: Boost GSSE investment (e.g., to 1.5% of AgGDP) to enhance productivity, resilience, and long-term competitiveness.
• Shift Direct Support to Climate-Smart and Decoupled Subsidies: Repurpose input-based aids to support environmental practices, reduce distortions, and promote inclusive growth.
• Enhance Risk Management Instruments: Invest in agricultural insurance and risk mitigation tools to address climate-related challenges, particularly for small and medium farmers.
• Promote Environmental Innovations: Use public funds for R&D in climate-smart agriculture and green technologies to mitigate emissions and boost sustainable productivity.
• Maintain Subsidy Programs: Continue targeted consumer subsidies (e.g., school feeding programs) while ensuring equity and minimizing trade impacts.

Conclusion

Santa Catarina's support policies are competitive but lack sufficient focus on green and inclusive growth. By realigning efforts toward public goods, climate-smart practices, and inclusive risk management, the sector can achieve enhanced sustainability and resilience.