2017年-世界发展银行全球_Enhancing_Urban_Resilience_in_the_Greater_Accra_Metropolitan_Area_146页_3mb

Summary of "Enhancing Urban Resilience in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area"

Core Content

This document outlines the findings and recommendations of the CityStrength Diagnostic conducted in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) in 2017. The diagnostic was a collaborative effort between the Government of Ghana and the World Bank, aimed at assessing the resilience of urban systems and identifying priority actions to mitigate risks and enhance urban resilience in the region.

Main Viewpoints

• Urban Resilience is defined as the capacity of a city to anticipate, absorb, recover from, and adapt to adverse shocks and stresses.
• GAMA is one of the fastest-growing urban regions in West Africa, with a population of 4.6 million (over 16% of Ghana's population) and contributes 25% of the national GDP.
• The region faces severe challenges due to unplanned urban expansion and climate change, which increase exposure to natural and man-made hazards.
• Floods, fire, cholera outbreaks, and coastal erosion are the primary shocks, while high-density informal settlements, poor sanitation, and governance weaknesses are key stresses.
• The June 2015 floods highlighted the urgent need for urban resilience, causing significant human and economic losses.

Key Information

Urban Resilience Challenges in GAMA

• Population Growth: Rapid urbanization has outpaced the city's capacity to provide essential services and infrastructure.
• Housing Shortages: Informal settlements are widespread, often disconnected from formal services.
• Traffic Congestion: Affects the city's functionality and economic productivity.
• Environmental Vulnerabilities: Coastal erosion, tidal surges, and sea-level rise threaten the region.
• Public Health Risks: Poor sanitation and lack of infrastructure lead to disease outbreaks like cholera.
• Climate Change Impacts: Increase the frequency and intensity of floods and drive rural-urban migration due to drought.

Resilience Assessment

• The assessment evaluated the performance of urban systems across nine priority sectors:
  • Urban Development and Housing
  • Disaster Risk Management
  • Urban Finance
  • Transport and Roads
  • Water Supply and Sanitation
  • Solid Waste Management
  • Drainage and Coastal Zone Management
  • Community Development and Social Protection
  • Food Security and Agriculture
• Data Collection and Analysis: Included consultations, workshops, field visits, and hazard mapping.
• Key Findings:
  • Flooding is the most common and damaging shock, exacerbated by poor infrastructure, clogged drains, and inadequate waste management.
  • Informal settlements account for 40% of the built-up area, due to lack of integrated land use planning and housing backlog.
  • Fragmented governance and lack of coordination among MMDAs and MDAs hinder effective service delivery and land use planning.

Priority Actions and Investments

• The report recommends short, medium, and long-term priorities to enhance urban resilience.
• Key Shifts in Planning and Response include integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into urban development plans.
• Action Plan and Timeline are outlined to guide implementation, focusing on infrastructure development, service provision, and institutional strengthening.
• Stakeholder Engagement: Emphasized the importance of collaboration between government, civil society, residents, and the private sector.

Institutional Support

• The CityStrength Diagnostic was supported by the Government of Ghana, the World Bank, and development partners.
• A Steering Committee was formed to oversee the process, including representatives from key ministries and MMDAs.
• The World Bank team was led by Jonas Parby and Asmita Tiwari, with input from various specialists and peer reviewers.

Conclusion

The report underscores the need for immediate and sustained investment in urban resilience to address the growing risks and vulnerabilities in GAMA. It presents a forward-looking strategy that can guide policy and budget decisions to ensure a thriving, inclusive, and more resilient Greater Accra Metropolitan Area. The findings are critical for the Government of Ghana to request further support from the World Bank and other development partners to implement follow-up actions.

Key Sectors and Actions

Supporting Documents and References

• The report includes boxes and figures that provide detailed insights into the diagnostic process, key sectors, and challenges.
• It references historical flood data, climate change impacts, and ongoing and planned projects in GAMA.
• Annexes include historical flood data, waste management details, and a list of projects and programs aimed at improving urban resilience.

Final Note

The CityStrength Diagnostic is a participatory process that aims to build a resilient and inclusive city. It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing the complex challenges facing GAMA, and highlights the need for collaboration, policy integration, and sustainable investment to ensure long-term resilience.