2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Eswatini_2021_country_profile_10页_376kb

WHO Global Tobacco Epidemic Report 2021: Eswatini Country Profile Summary

MPOWER Measures & Compliance:

• Monitoring (M): Data available for adult tobacco use surveys (2014), indicating higher male prevalence, but no recent (last 5 years) adolescent survey data. Age-standardized prevalence estimates are available (2019).

• Smoke-free Environments (S): Laws require complete smoke-free public indoor spaces (no exemptions) but lack subnational regulations.

• Cessation Programmes (C): Eswatini lacks a central government-sponsored quit line and has limited cessation services, although some Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is legally available (not cost-covered by health insurance or national funds). Compliance is low.

• Health Warnings (H): Mandated prominent health warnings (50% of front and rear) with photographs and required text, displayed in the national language(s). Prohibits misleading terms, figurative signs, expiry date displays, and descriptors implying reduced harm. Compliance is high according to the framework's assessment.

• Mass Media (M): No national anti-tobacco mass media campaigns reported between July 2018 and June 2020.

• Advertising Bans (A): Strong bans covering direct advertising (TV, radio, print, internet, point-of-sale). Comprehensive bans on promotion (discounts), sponsorship (all forms, including CSR visibility), and in-store displays. Permits branding in films but prohibits product depiction. Compliance is high for direct and indirect bans.

• Taxation (T): High tobacco tax rates, with over 53.5% of the cheapest cigarette retail price being tax (including excise and VAT). This makes cigarettes less affordable (nearly 7.2% of GDP needed to purchase 100 packs in 2020, higher than 2018). However, e-cigarettes/smokeless tobacco have no tax data, and tobacco taxes are not earmarked for health spending.

Key Findings & Data Limitations:

• Affordability: Cigarettes became less affordable between 2010 and 2020 due to high taxation.
• Treatment & Support: Treatment options are available (NRT) but lacking full support mechanisms like a national quit line and cost coverage.
• Data Availability: Some measures lack data, including recent adolescent surveys, prevalence trends, specific details on cessation coverage (insurance/drugs), and data specific to e-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco (except for taxation).