2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Zimbabwe_2021_country_profile_10页_376kb

报告摘要

Monitoring: Some data on adult smoking prevalence exists (17.7% male, 0.5% female in 2015), but nationally representative youth data is absent.
Smoke-Free Environments: Comprehensive ban on public places except specific limited exemptions (offices, transport, bars/cafés). Less comprehensive (partial/prescribed) bans in restaurants and other public places. Subnational jurisdictions lack authority for such bans.
Cessation Programmes: Limited availability of treatment (NRT, counseling, quit lines). Some coverage for cessation services but not universally or funded by national health systems.
Health Warnings: Mandatory warnings (min. 20% front/back) including graphic images. Not plain packaging. No misleading descriptors or rotation.
Mass Media: No national anti-tobacco campaign documented between 1 July 2018 and 30 June 2020.
Advertising Bans: Comprehensive ban levies fines for violations. Some restrictions on indirect promotion (like sponsorship) exist.
Taxation: High tobacco tax burden (>=75% of retail price for most cigarettes), contributing to affordability issues. Affordable trend decreased since 2010.

Tobacco Control Infrastructure: National TBAC program exists but lacks dedicated staff/funding for policy enforcement/tobacco control.
Tobacco Tax Earmarking: No reported use of tobacco tax revenue for health.
Tobacco Taxation: Cigarettes are less affordable compared to 2010, due to increased Retail Price calculation (lower average price). Tobacco tax structure uses mixed types (specific, ad-valorem, VAT) with ad-valorem base being the retail price. Value added tax is applied.

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