2022-09-13-世界银行-世界银行+航空运输2021年度报告_96页_5mb

AIR TRANSPORT ANNUAL REPORT (2021)

World Bank Group Summary

Introduction & Pandemic Impact

• COVID-19 Effects:
  • Passenger demand in 2021 remained 75.5% below 2019 levels, capacity (ASK) declined to 65.3%, and load factors dropped 24 percentage points to 58%.
  • Asia-Pacific region suffered the deepest decline (93.2% traffic shrinkage), while Africa showed the strongest resilience.
  • Global revenue losses totaled USD 324 billion, with net losses of USD 51.8 billion.

Regional Analysis

• Asia-Pacific: 93.2% traffic decline, 84.9% capacity reduction, and a 44.3-point drop in load factors.
• Europe: 67.6% traffic decline, with the weakest domestic recovery among regions.
• Latin America: 66.9% traffic decline, but highest load factor drop (72.6%).
• North America: Strongest domestic recovery (~28.2% gap vs. 2019).
• Africa: Best regional performance, with a 65.2% traffic decline but improved connectivity resilience.

Portfolio Highlights

• Increased Investment: WBG’s air transport portfolio rose by USD 934 million (10% increase), with IFC leading private sector engagement (USD 561 million).
• Key Initiatives:
  • Strengthening safety, security, and infrastructure at airports and airlines.
  • Projects in Africa, Central Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean focus on disaster resilience and private sector participation.
  • MIGA provided guarantees for 4 aviation projects, supporting political risk mitigation.

Outlook for 2022

• Recovery Variations:
  • North America expected to recover fastest, potentially returning to profitability in 2022.
  • Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East projected net losses despite improving connectivity (92% of 2019 levels).
• Long-term Challenges:
  • Balancing affordability, financial sustainability, and environmental goals.
  • Accelerating the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) to meet net-zero emissions by 2050.

Conclusion

The pandemic accelerated the need for private sector participation and regulatory reforms to ensure resilient, sustainable air transport systems. While short-term survival depends on state aid, long-term recovery hinges on policies that prioritize safety, affordability, and climate goals.