2025年能源进展报告_188页_19mb

Summary of Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025

Core Content

The Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025 is a collaborative effort by five custodian agencies: the International Energy Agency (IEA), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), World Bank, and World Health Organization (WHO). It provides a comprehensive overview of global progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all."

Main Viewpoints

• Global progress has been made in expanding electricity access and promoting clean cooking, but the 2030 targets remain off track, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, due to the impact of the pandemic and the 2022 energy crisis.
• Renewable energy and energy efficiency have shown promising growth, but insufficient progress continues to hinder the achievement of international climate and development goals.
• Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 85% of the global population without electricity, up from 50% in 2010, and 2.1 billion people still rely on polluting fuels for cooking.
• Decentralized energy solutions, such as mini-grids and off-grid solar, have proven effective in expanding access, particularly in rural areas, and are increasingly being used to attract both public and private investment.
• Clean cooking is a major focus of the energy transition, but stagnation persists in less-developed countries, including Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs), and Small Island Developing States (SIDS).
• Collaboration among governments, the private sector, and international organizations is essential to address regional disparities, improve access to clean energy, and support inclusive transitions.
• Women and marginalized communities are especially affected by the lack of access to clean energy, and targeted support is needed to ensure they benefit from energy transitions.

Key Information

Access to Electricity

• 92% of the global population has access to electricity as of 2023, up from 87% in 2010.
• 666 million people lack access to electricity in 2023, a 19 million decrease from the previous year.
• Central and Southern Asia has made the most significant progress, reducing the access gap from 414 million in 2010 to 27 million in 2023.
• Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the largest access deficit, with 565 million people without electricity in 2023.
• Rural electrification is still the main challenge, with 84% of the unconnected population living in rural areas.
• Decentralized solutions are key to future progress, offering cost-effective, scalable, and reliable options.

Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking

• 74% of the global population has access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in 2023, up from 64% in 2015.
• 2.1 billion people still rely on polluting fuels such as charcoal, coal, crop waste, dung, kerosene, and wood.
• Sub-Saharan Africa has the widest urban-rural gap, with 42% urban access vs. 7% rural access.
• LDCs, LLDCs, and SIDS have significantly lower access rates than the global average.
• Clean cooking is critical for health, equity, and climate goals, but stagnation in adoption continues in less-developed regions.

Renewable Energy

• Renewables accounted for 17.9% of global total final energy consumption (TFEC) in 2022, up from 15.6% in 2015.
• Renewable electricity increased by 56% since 2015, and 8% from 2021 to 2022.
• Renewables make up almost 30% of global electricity consumption as of 2022.
• Modern renewable uses are highest in Latin America and the Caribbean (28% of TFEC), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (12% of TFEC excluding traditional biomass).
• Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for around 60% of the global population without access to modern renewable energy.
• The COP28 agreement to triple global renewable power capacity by 2030 and double the rate of energy efficiency improvement remains a key target.

Energy Efficiency

• Global energy intensity (primary energy/GDP) decreased from 4.26 MJ/USD in 2015 to 3.87 MJ/USD in 2022.
• Energy efficiency improvements have been modest but insufficient to meet 2030 climate goals.
• Policy and technological advances are needed to accelerate progress.

International Public Financial Flows

• International financial flows to developing countries for clean energy R&D and production increased from 12.1 USD billion in 2023 to 21.6 USD billion in 2023.
• Blended financing and monetization of environmental benefits are key strategies to support clean energy deployment.

Outlook for SDG 7

• SDG 7 targets require a fundamental shift in energy production, distribution, and consumption.
• Greater investment, enabling policies, innovation, and long-term planning are critical for achieving the goals.
• Urgent action is needed to close the access gap, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Integration of clean cooking into broader energy access strategies is essential for health, equity, and climate protection.

Conclusion

The report highlights the progress made toward SDG 7 but also identifies critical challenges that need to be addressed to achieve universal energy access and sustainability by 2030. It emphasizes the importance of data quality, tailored funding, technical expertise, and inclusive policies to ensure equitable and sustainable energy transitions.