深度-德国外交关系理事会-欧盟与美国的关系：民主科技治理的潜在问题（英文）-2021.6-18页_823kb

DGAP Analysis Summary: EU-US Technology Cooperation for Democratic Governance

Core Content

This document outlines a strategic framework for enhancing EU-US technology cooperation to promote global democratic tech governance. It emphasizes the importance of a transatlantic partnership in the face of growing challenges from techno-authoritarian powers like China and Russia, and highlights the potential for the EU and the US to become the hidden G2 for shaping the future of digital technology. The document proposes a structured approach through the Trade and Technology Council (TTC) and outlines five key lines of effort to achieve this goal.

Main Points

• Rare Opportunity: The EU and the Biden administration have a unique chance to revitalize the EU-US technology relationship to support democratic governance.
• Hidden G2: Despite China's rise, the EU and the US remain the leading democratic blocs in technology, with the potential to form a strategic double helix.
• Five Lines of Effort:
  1. Strategic Interdependence through Tech Industrial Policy: Focus on high-end semiconductors, 5G/6G standard-setting, and cloud-edge interoperability.
  2. Democratic Autonomy: Create a Coordinating Committee for Democratic Autonomy to support supply chain resilience and restrict access to strategic tech for authoritarian states.
  3. Drafting the Digital Rule Book: Develop a transatlantic regulatory framework, starting with the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA), Digital Markets Act (DMA), and AI Regulation.
  4. ICT Connectivity in the Global South: Counter China's Digital Silk Road by promoting clean, open ICT infrastructure in developing regions.
  5. Digital Rights: Center digital rights as a key component of democratic governance, including collaboration with the Global South.

Key Information

1. Strategic Interdependence in Tech Industrial Policy

• The EU and US are both investing in industrial policies to enhance their technological resilience.
• Semiconductor Production: The US has the Innovation and Competition Act, while the EU aims for 20% global production by 2030 via the Digital Compass.
• Collaborative Ecosystem: A transatlantic semiconductor ecosystem could be built through joint ventures with companies like Intel, IBM, and ASML.
• Strategic Objectives: Strengthen supply chain resilience, shrink chip architecture, and boost competitiveness in next-gen tech.

2. Trustworthy Mobile Network Equipment and Open RAN

• Both the EU and US are working to exclude Chinese vendors like Huawei from 5G infrastructure.
• Incentive Plans: Encourage private sector engagement in 5G/6G standard-setting bodies (e.g., 3GPP, ISO, IEC).
• Open RAN Standards: Promote open radio access network (RAN) standards to enhance competition and reduce dependency on a few vendors.

3. The Digital Rule Book

• The EU is drafting a comprehensive digital rulebook covering content moderation, market power, AI, data governance, and cloud computing.
• The Privacy Shield 2.0 is a critical component to reestablish data flows between the EU and US, addressing data localization, surveillance, and fundamental rights.
• The Privacy Shield 2.0 Roadmap must include access to courts, individual rights, and proportional interference limits.

4. Structuring the Trade and Technology Council (TTC)

• The TTC should have a two-track structure: one for strategic principles and one for technical deliverables.
• Limited Mandate: A 36-month TTC could align with the 2024 legislative cycles in both regions.
• Innovation and Resilience Board: A high-level board with private sector and civil society representatives to drive cooperation.
• Third-Party Participation: Docking mechanisms for democratic allies like Japan, the UK, and South Korea.

5. Counteracting Authoritarian Influence

• The EU and US must coordinate sanctions against state-backed cyberattacks and interference in democratic processes.
• Joint Deterrence: A proportional response to cyber incidents such as SolarWinds and Hafnium attacks.
• Digital Diplomacy: Use of cyber diplomacy and international cooperation to counter data localization and digital autarky efforts.

Conclusion

The EU and US must work closely to avoid past pitfalls in tech and trade convergence and leverage the TTC as a vehicle for democratic tech governance. This includes strategic interdependence, joint regulatory frameworks, ICT connectivity in the Global South, and ensuring digital rights. A Privacy Shield 2.0 and open RAN standards are essential to reestablish trust and secure the digital future.