2021-08-31-德国外交关系理事会-埃及_欧盟和移民（英）_18页_1mb

Egypt, the EU, and Migration: An Uncomfortable Yet Avoidable Partnership. German Council on Foreign Relations. September 2021.

Summary:

• Authors/Editors: Dina Abdel Fattah (Economics Professor, AUC), Victoria Rietig (DGAP Migration Program Head), Alia Fakhry (DGAP Consultant).
• Project Goal: Inform German/European policymakers about African migration debates/policies to prepare for the EU-AU summit, focusing on Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Tunisia, South Africa.
• EU-Egypt Partnership: Based on reducing irregular migration. Effective but controversial, giving Egypt leverage on Europe, raising concerns among human rights advocates.
• Egypt's Migration Evolution: From restricted Nasser era to permissive Sadat/Mubarak governments, management under el-Sisi relies heavily on remittances (~10% GDP), border control, and anti-smuggling.
• Challenges:
  • Data Deficit: Insufficient data on migration flows, migration status, and refugee conditions.
  • Refugee Protection: Difficult living conditions, limited access to labor markets, rudimentary social services, undermining long-term integration.
  • Civil Society: International NGOs face severe constraints in Egypt.
• Key Recommendations:
  1. Enhance Data Collection: Critically needed to assess migration needs and leverage financial support negotiations.
  2. Expand Labor Migration: Offer skilled Egyptian workers migration opportunities under programs like Talent Partnerships, broadening the partnership beyond enforcement.
  3. Support International Actors: Fund organizations/services providing refuge/migrant support in Egypt.
  4. Leverage Support: Use influence cautiously to improve operating conditions for NGOs and community-based organizations serving refugees/migrants.