2011-12-31-世界卫生组织-2012_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Lesotho_2页_67kb

Lesotho STEPS Survey Summary (2012)

Overview

The STEPS (STrategic Eye on Public Health) survey in Lesotho, conducted between April and May 2012, was a population-based study targeting adults aged 25–64 years. The survey aimed to assess chronic disease risk factors through three stages: Step 1 (socio-demographic and behavioural data), Step 2 (physical measurements), and Step 3 (biochemical measurements). A total of 2310 adults participated, achieving an overall response rate of 80%.

Core Content

Step 1: Socio-Demographic and Behavioural Information

• Tobacco Use:

  • 24.5% of adults (95% CI: 21.3–27.7) currently smoke tobacco.
  • 20.4% (95% CI: 17.5–23.3) smoke tobacco daily.
  • Males have a significantly higher prevalence of daily smoking (40.6%, 95% CI: 35.9–45.3) compared to Females (0.5%, 95% CI: 0.0–1.2).
  • The average age at which daily smokers started smoking was 20.7 years (95% CI: 19.8–21.5).
  • 41.8% of daily smokers use manufactured cigarettes (95% CI: 35.0–48.6).
  • On average, daily smokers consume 1.8 manufactured cigarettes per day (95% CI: 1.3–2.3).

• Alcohol Consumption:

  • 48.1% of adults (95% CI: 44.2–51.9) are lifetime abstainers.
  • 30.7% (95% CI: 27.8–33.7) currently drink alcohol (drank in the past 30 days).
  • Males are more likely to drink than Females.
  • 34.5% of males (95% CI: 29.6–39.4) engage in heavy episodic drinking (5+ drinks per day for men, 4+ for women).
  • Females have a lower rate of heavy episodic drinking (9.4%, 95% CI: 7.0–11.7).

• Fruit and Vegetable Consumption:

  • Adults consume fruits on an average of 1.6 days per week (95% CI: 1.3–1.8) and 0.5 servings per day (95% CI: 0.4–0.6).
  • Vegetables are consumed on 5.0 days per week (95% CI: 4.8–5.3) and 2.1 servings per day (95% CI: 1.9–2.3).
  • 92.7% of adults (95% CI: 90.3–95.1) consume less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day.

• Physical Activity:

  • 11.1% (95% CI: 8.8–13.4) of adults have low levels of activity (<600 MET-minutes per week).
  • 72.9% (95% CI: 69.7–76.0) have high levels of activity (≥3000 MET-minutes per week).
  • The median time spent in physical activity per day is 218.6 minutes (IQR: 90.0–424.3).
  • 44.2% (95% CI: 39.6–48.9) of adults do not engage in vigorous activity.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Body Mass Index (BMI):

  • The mean BMI for adults is 25.5 kg/m² (95% CI: 25.1–25.9).
  • 41.5% (95% CI: 37.5–45.4) are overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m²).
  • 19.9% (95% CI: 17.4–22.4) are obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m²).
  • Males have a lower BMI (23.2 kg/m², 95% CI: 22.8–23.7) compared to Females (27.7 kg/m², 95% CI: 27.1–28.2).

• Waist Circumference:

  • Males have an average waist circumference of 79.9 cm (95% CI: 78.7–81.0).
  • Females have an average waist circumference of 86.5 cm (95% CI: 85.1–87.9).

• Blood Pressure:

  • The mean systolic blood pressure is 126.1 mmHg (95% CI: 124.9–127.3).
  • The mean diastolic blood pressure is 82.6 mmHg (95% CI: 81.7–83.5).
  • 31.0% (95% CI: 28.0–34.0) of adults have raised blood pressure (SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mmHg or on medication).
  • 83.8% of those with raised BP are not on medication.

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Fasting Blood Glucose:

  • The mean fasting blood glucose is 4.4 mmol/L (95% CI: 4.3–4.5).
  • 4.0% (95% CI: 2.6–5.4) have impaired fasting glycaemia.
  • 6.3% (95% CI: 4.3–8.4) have raised fasting blood glucose or are on medication.

• Total Blood Cholesterol:

  • The mean total blood cholesterol is 3.4 mmol/L (95% CI: 3.3–3.5).
  • 4.6% (95% CI: 3.4–5.9) have raised total cholesterol (≥5.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Key Findings

• A significant proportion of the population engages in tobacco use, particularly among males.
• Alcohol consumption is more prevalent among males, with a notable percentage engaging in heavy episodic drinking.
• Fruit and vegetable intake is generally low, with 92.7% of adults consuming less than 5 servings per day.
• Physical activity levels are mixed, with a majority (72.9%) classified as high activity, but a significant portion (44.2%) do not engage in vigorous activity.
• Overweight and obesity are widespread, with 41.5% and 19.9% respectively.
• Raised blood pressure is a common issue, affecting 31.0% of adults, with most not on medication.
• Impaired fasting glycaemia and raised fasting blood glucose are present in 4.0% and 6.3% of the population, respectively.
• Raised total cholesterol is found in 4.6% of adults.

Conclusion

The STEPS survey highlights key risk factors for chronic diseases in Lesotho, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity, and overweight/obesity. These factors are more pronounced among males, with notable disparities in health outcomes. The survey underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to address these risk factors and improve overall health in the adult population.