2010-12-31-世界卫生组织-2011_STEPS_Fact_sheet_Niue_2页_63kb

Niue STEPS Survey 2011 Summary

Objective

The survey assessed chronic disease risk factors among Niue's adult population using the WHO STEPS methodology. It was conducted from December 2011 to January 2012 to update public health surveillance by evaluating three key areas: behavioral and sociodemographic factors, physical measurements, and biochemical indicators. The overall response rate was 85.8% among 916 participants.

Methodology

This population-based survey employed a census approach for individuals aged 15 years and above. Data collection involved three sequential steps:

• Step 1: Gathered information on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary habits including fruit and vegetable intake.
• Step 2: Included physical measurements such as height, weight, blood pressure, and waist circumference.
• Step 3: Involved biochemical tests for fasting blood glucose and total blood cholesterol levels.

Key Findings

Step 1: Behavioral and Sociodemographic Data

• Tobacco Use: Approximately 17.7% of adults smoked tobacco, with higher rates in males (22.6%) for current smoking, and in males for daily smoking (15.8% vs. 7.6% in females). Most daily smokers started at age 19.3 years on average and smoked manufactured cigarettes predominantly.
• Alcohol Consumption: Lifetime abstainers were around 19.5%. Past 12-month abstainers were 19%, similar across sexes. Current drinkers constituted 49.3%, with heavy episodic drinking being most common in males.
• Dietary Habits: Average fruit consumption was 1.1 serving/day and vegetable 0.9 serving/day, with most people (92.9%) consuming less than 5 servings combined daily.
• Physical Activity: Overall, 17.1% had low activity (less than 600 MET-minutes/week), while 67.8% had high activity (≥3000 MET-minutes/week). Females showed higher rates of low activity and lower vigorous activity participation.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• High prevalence was observed for overweight (85.9% with BMI ≥25 kg/m²) and obesity (61.0% with BMI ≥30 kg/m²), with mean BMI at 31.8 kg/m².
• Blood pressure measurements indicated elevated levels: mean systolic was 129.4 mmHg, diastolic was 75.5 mmHg. Raised blood pressure (≥140/≥90 mmHg or on medication) affected 33.5%, and among these, many were not on treatment.

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Measured fasting blood glucose average was 6.4 mmol/L, with 36.5% having impaired fasting glycaemia and 38.4% having raised blood glucose or being on medication.
• Total cholesterol mean was 4.6 mmol/L, with 34.8% having raised levels (≥5.0 mmol/L or on medication).

Combined Risk Factor Profile

• Common risk factors included tobacco use, overweight or obesity, high blood pressure, low fruit and vegetable intake, and inactivity. Over a third of the population had three or more of these risk factors.
• Age groups showed variation: younger adults aged 15–44 had lower risk factor prevalence, while older adults had higher rates, with disparities by sex affecting the overall risk burden.