2010-12-31-世界卫生组织-2011_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Comoros_2页_75kb

Summary of the STEPS 2011 Survey in Union des Comores

Introduction

The STEPS survey conducted in Union des Comores from January to March 2011 aimed to assess risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adults aged 25-64 years. It followed a three-step approach, incorporating socio-demographic/behavioral data, physical measurements, and biochemical tests to evaluate factors like tobacco use, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, and related biochemical indicators to inform public health actions.

Methodology

• Target population: Adults aged 25-64 years.
• Sampling method: Stratified sampling to ensure representativeness.
• Sample size: 5556 participants responded out of 5760 sampled individuals, resulting in a 96.5% response rate.
• Key steps:
  • Step 1: Collection of behavioral data (tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity).
  • Step 2: Physical measurements (IMC, blood pressure).
  • Step 3: Biochemical assays (glycemia, cholesterol).

Key Findings

Step 1: Behavioral Risk Factors

• Tobacco use: High prevalence among men (21.4–26.3%, including daily smokers averaging starting age 17.5–19.3 years); low among women (1.5–2.5% daily smokers). Most users consumed industrially produced cigarettes, with an average of 8.2–9.8/day.
• Alcohol consumption: A large majority abstain (95.4–98.2%), but some consumed occasionally or frequently (0.8–3.3%, sex-specific trends noted for heavy drinking).
• Diet: Average daily fruit and vegetable intake was 1.6–2.3 portions for fruits and 0.8–1.1 portions for vegetables, with 80–85% of adults failing to meet the minimum of 5 portions/day.
• Physical activity: About 10–20% had low activity levels (<600 MET-minutes/week), while 46–75% reported high activity. Median participation was 171–259 minutes weekly.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• High prevalence of overweight (IMC ≥ 25 kg/m²): 37–52% of adults. Obesity (IMC ≥ 30) affected 4.3–13.5%. Average waist circumference was 82–89 cm in men/females.
• Blood pressure levels were elevated in about 21–30% of respondents, including those on treatment.

Step 3: Biochemical Indicators

• Average fasting glycemia was 68–72 mg/dl, with 4.8–7.1% showing abnormal levels (≥110 mg/dl or on treatment).
• Total cholesterol levels averaged 173–182 mg/dl, and hypercholesterolemia (>190 mg/dl or treatment) was present in 20–33%.

Risk Factor Analysis

• Common risk factors combined included smoking, inadequate fruit/veg intake, low physical activity, and high blood pressure or treatment for hypertension.
• Only 5–8% had none of the major risk factors, but 16–32% over 25 years old had three or more risk factors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Recommendations

• The survey is recommended for renewal every 5 years to monitor progress and guide disease prevention strategies, contingent on funding. A planned survey for 2015 underscores this ongoing assessment requirement.

For further details, contact the Principal Investigator: Mohamed MSAIDIE.