2010-12-31-世界卫生组织-2011-2012_STEPS_Fact_sheet_Egypt_2页_66kb

Egypt STEPS Survey 2011-12 Summary

Survey Overview

The Egypt STEPS Survey 2011-12 was conducted from November 25, 2012, to January 5, 2013, using a multistage cluster sample design. It included 5,300 adults aged 15-65 years with a 95% response rate. Steps 1 (socio-demographic and behavioral data), Step 2 (physical measurements), and Step 3 (biochemical measurements) were carried out to assess chronic disease risk factors.

Key Findings

Step 1: Behavioral Risk Factors

• Tobacco Use: High smoking prevalence, particularly among males (46.0% daily smokers), with a mean age of initiation around 18 years. Females had very low rates.
• Alcohol Consumption: Minimal intake, with high lifetime and past-12-month abstention rates (93.7-98.7% and 3.0-5.0%, respectively), and <1-2% reporting current drinking.
• Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Low consumption, averaging below 5 servings/day (95.6-96.7% below 5 servings daily), despite similar mean servings across sexes.
• Physical Activity: Insufficient activity levels, with >30% having low activity (<600 MET-minutes/week) and many not engaging in vigorous activity, while >45% had high activity.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• BMI and Weight Status: High rates of overweight (62.2%; BMI ≥25 kg/m²) and obesity (31.3%; BMI ≥30 kg/m²), with an average waist circumference over 90 cm.
• Blood Pressure: Elevated prevalence (>40% with raised BP defined as ≥140/≥90 mmHg or on medication), and a high percentage without treatment among affected individuals.

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Blood Glucose: Significant impairment (10.5-11.4% with impaired fasting glycaemia) and raised glucose levels (17.2-20.7%), with low rates of diabetes treatment.
• Cholesterol: High prevalence of raised total cholesterol (36.8-37.1%), indicating nearly 4 in 10 adults at risk.

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

The survey highlights a high burden of multiple risk factors for chronic diseases. Across adult age groups:

• Very few had no identified risk factors (0.5-0.7%).
• High proportions had three or more risk factors (e.g., 79.2-81.9% aged 45-64 years), with slightly lower rates in younger adults (aged 25-44 years). Gender variations exist, with females generally having fewer smoking- and obesity-related factors but higher rates in some areas.

Overall, Egypt faces a significant chronic disease risk profile with widespread issues in tobacco use, diet, physical inactivity, weight, blood pressure, and biochemical markers.