2002-12-31-世界卫生组织-2003_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Ethiopia_Butajira_2页_67kb

Butajira District STEPS Survey Summary (2003)

Overview

The STEPS (Stepwise Approach to Surveillance) survey in Ethiopia's Butajira District was conducted from September to November 2003. It aimed to assess chronic disease risk factors among adults aged 25-64 years using a cluster-random sample design. A total of 3,990 adults participated, achieving an overall response rate of 98%. A repeat survey is planned for 2011 if funding allows.

Core Content

The survey covered three main steps:

1. Step 1: Socio-demographic and Behavioural Information
2. Step 2: Physical Measurements
3. Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

Data collected included tobacco use, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity levels. The survey also included physical measurements such as BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure, as well as biochemical indicators like fasting blood glucose and total blood cholesterol.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• Both Sexes: 3.5% (2.9 - 4.1%) of adults smoked tobacco daily.
• Males: 8.0% (6.7 - 9.3%) smoked daily, with the majority (87.7%) smoking manufactured cigarettes.
• Females: No daily smokers were reported.

Alcohol Consumption

• Both Sexes: 2.2% (1.8 - 2.6%) were abstainers (did not drink alcohol in the last year).
• Current drinkers (who drank in the past 30 days): Data not fully provided.
• For those who drank in the last 30 days:
  • Percentage who drank on 4 or more days in the last week: Not specified.
  • Women who had 4 or more drinks on any day in the last week: Not specified.
  • Men who had 5 or more drinks on any day in the last week: Not specified.

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

• Both Sexes:
  • Mean number of days fruit consumed per week: 0.75 (0.72 - 0.78)
  • Mean number of servings of fruit per day: 1.21 (1.18 - 1.24)
  • Mean number of days vegetables consumed per week: 5.8 (5.76 - 5.88)
  • Mean number of servings of vegetables per day: 2.37 (2.35 - 2.39)
• Percentage who consumed less than 5 combined servings of fruit and vegetables per day: 96.4% (95.8 - 97.0)
  • Males: 96.0% (95.1 - 96.9)
  • Females: 96.8% (96.1 - 97.6)

Physical Activity

• Both Sexes:
  • Low activity (<600 MET-minutes/week): 15.2% (14.1 - 16.3)
  • High activity (≥3000 MET-minutes/week): 72.8% (71.4 - 74.2)
  • Median time spent in physical activity per day: 351.4 minutes
  • Mean time spent in physical activity per day: 331.0 minutes (322.9 - 339.1)
• Males:
  • Low activity: 5.6% (4.5 - 6.6)
  • High activity: 85.1% (83.4 - 86.7)
  • Mean time spent in physical activity per day: 407.0 minutes (396.7 - 417.3)
• Females:
  • Low activity: 22.6% (20.9 - 24.4)
  • High activity: 63.3% (61.3 - 65.3)
  • Mean time spent in physical activity per day: 272.2 minutes (262.3 - 282.0)

Physical Measurements (Step 2)

• Mean BMI: 19.33 (19.25 - 19.41)
  • Males: 19.38 (19.27 - 19.49)
  • Females: 19.3 (19.2 - 19.4)
• Percentage overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²): 2.4% (2.0 - 2.9)
  • Males: 2.5% (1.8 - 3.3)
  • Females: 2.4% (1.7 - 3.0)
• Percentage obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²): 0.4% (0.2 - 0.6)
  • Males: 0.4% (0.1 - 0.7)
  • Females: 0.4% (0.2 - 0.7)
• Average waist circumference: 80.1 cm (79.8 - 80.3)
• Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), excluding those on medication:
  • Both Sexes: 112.6 mmHg (112.1 - 113.1)
  • Males: 117.4 mmHg (116.7 - 118.1)
  • Females: 108.9 mmHg (108.2 - 109.5)
• Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), excluding those on medication:
  • Both Sexes: 72.7 mmHg (72.4 - 73.1)
  • Males: 75.4 mmHg (74.9 - 75.8)
  • Females: 70.7 mmHg (70.3 - 71.1)
• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or on medication):
  • Both Sexes: 8.9% (8.0 - 9.8)
  • Males: 11.9% (10.4 - 13.4)
  • Females: 6.6% (5.6 - 7.7)
• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 160 and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg or on medication):
  • Both Sexes: 3.3% (2.7 - 3.8)
  • Males: 4.0% (3.1 - 4.9)
  • Females: 2.7% (2.0 - 3.4)

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• Percentage with low risk (none of the risk factors):
  • Both Sexes: 2.8% (2.3 - 3.3)
  • Males: 3.4% (2.6 - 4.3)
  • Females: 2.3% (1.7 - 2.9)
• Percentage with raised risk (at least three of the risk factors):
  • Aged 25-44:
    • Both Sexes: 2.1% (1.6 - 2.6)
    • Males: 2.1% (1.3 - 2.9)
    • Females: 2.0% (1.3 - 2.7)
  • Aged 45-64:
    • Both Sexes: 5.3% (4.0 - 6.6)
    • Males: 5.0% (3.2 - 6.8)
    • Females: 5.5% (3.6 - 7.4)

Main Points

• The survey provides a comprehensive overview of chronic disease risk factors in Butajira District.
• Tobacco use is low overall, with only 3.5% of adults smoking daily, and no female smokers.
• Alcohol consumption data is limited, but a significant portion of the population is abstaining.
• Fruit and vegetable intake is below the recommended levels, with 96.4% of adults consuming less than 5 combined servings per day.
• Physical activity is relatively high, with over 70% of adults classified as having high activity levels.
• BMI is generally within the normal range, with very low rates of overweight and obesity.
• Blood pressure is mostly within normal limits, though a notable percentage (8.9%) has raised BP.
• The survey highlights that the majority of adults have low or moderate risk for chronic diseases, with a small proportion showing raised risk based on multiple factors.

Conclusion

The STEPS survey in Butajira District provides critical insights into the prevalence of chronic disease risk factors among adults aged 25-64. It reveals a generally healthy population with low rates of tobacco use, minimal obesity, and moderate blood pressure levels. However, poor fruit and vegetable consumption and relatively low physical activity among some groups suggest areas for targeted public health interventions.