2009-12-31-世界卫生组织-2010-2011_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Grenada_2页_80kb

Grenada 2010/2011 STEPS Survey Summary

Background and Method

This report summarizes the STEPS (Step-wise Approach to Surveillance) survey conducted in Grenada from November 2010 to February 2011, with a break for Christmas. The survey targeted adults aged 25-64 years and included Step 1 (socio-demographic and behavioral data) and Step 2 (physical measurements). It used a multistage cluster sampling design, selecting 2,604 households initially; 1,664 were visited, with a 67.8% response rate, resulting in 1,129 adult participants. A repeat survey is planned if funding is available.

Key Findings

Step 1: Risk Factor Data

• Tobacco Use: 18.6% of adults were current smokers, with daily smoking at 11.1%, an average start age of 17 years, and 77.6% using manufactured cigarettes. Males had higher smoking rates (30.3%) compared to females (6.5%). Also, 29.4% of males were exposed to workplace smoke, versus 13.1% of females.
• Alcohol Consumption: 44.3% consumed alcohol in the past 30 days, with 38.2% of males engaging in heavy episodic drinking (vs. 11.6% for females). Lifetime abstention was higher in females (46.6%).
• Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Participants consumed an average of 4.5 days of fruits and 4.3 days of vegetables per week, with less than 5 servings per day reported by 71.9% of respondents on average.
• Physical Activity: Low activity levels were reported by 33.5% (average minutes per day: ~85-182 minutes, varying by sex), with high activity at 48.9%. Median physical activity time was higher for males.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• BMI and Overweight/Obesity: Mean BMI was 27.1, with 58.7% overweight (BMI ≥25) and 25.2% obese (BMI ≥30). Males had lower obesity rates than females.
• Blood Pressure: 38.1% had raised BP (SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 or on medication). Medication use was common among those not managed.
• Combined Risk Factors: Key risky behaviors included daily smoking, overweight, low fruit/veg intake, and raised BP. A small percentage (13.1-19.3%) had no such risk factors, while others had multiple risks, more common in older age groups.

Conclusions

The survey highlights high rates of chronic disease risk factors, including tobacco use and poor dietary habits. This underscores a need for public health interventions.