2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2004_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Eritrea_2页_63kb

Eritrea STEPS Survey 2004 Summary

Survey Overview

Conducted in 2004, this population-based survey assessed chronic disease risk factors among adults aged 15–64 years in Eritrea. It employed a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling design with 2,319 participants, covering steps 1 (socio-demographic and behavioral data), 2 (physical measurements like BMI and blood pressure), and 3 (biochemical markers such as blood glucose and cholesterol).

Key Findings by Risk Factor

• Tobacco Use: Overall, 7.8% smoked tobacco; daily smoking was higher in males (13.5%) than females (0.5%). Average age of initiation was around 20 years, with most users consuming manufactured cigarettes.
• Alcohol Consumption: 63.8% were abstainers, while 26.2% were current drinkers; binge drinking was more common in males (15.6%) than females (3.8%).
• Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Almost all (98.1%) consumed less than 5 servings/day combined, with low average consumption of fruits and vegetables.
• Physical Activity: Low activity (<600 MET-min/week) was high (40.6% overall), with males having the lowest rates, and average activity time varying by gender.
• Physical Measurements: Mean BMI was 21.3; overweight (BMI ≥25) affected 14.5%, obesity (BMI ≥30) 3.4%; hypertension (SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90) was present in 16.6%; fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol levels showed elevated rates in certain groups.

Combined Risk Factors Summary

• Current daily smoking, overweight, low fruit/vegetable intake, hypertension, and low activity were key risk factors.
• Across genders, the percentage with none of the risk factors was low (0.3–1.4%), while at least three risk factors were more common in older adults (aged 45–64), with males having higher rates (up to 20.1%) compared to females.

Public Health Implications

The survey highlights significant risks for chronic diseases, such as high smoking and hypertension in males and low activity in the population, suggesting the need for targeted interventions in middle age.