【ADB】2022年《2030战略》交通运输部门方向指南——交通运输是发展的推动力_80页_2mb

Summary of ADB Transport Sector Directional Guide (Strategy 2030)

Core Content

The ADB Transport Sector Directional Guide (TSDG) outlines the strategic direction for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the transport sector from 2022 to 2030. It aligns with ADB's Strategy 2030 and its seven operational priorities, which include addressing poverty, promoting gender equality, tackling climate change, improving urban livability, supporting rural development, strengthening governance, and fostering regional cooperation.

The guide is intended for both internal ADB staff and external stakeholders such as DMC governments, line ministries, and international organizations. It is a living document, designed to evolve with the changing development context of the Asia and Pacific region.

Main Views

The transport sector is a key enabler of development and economic growth, providing access to employment, education, health, and social services, and facilitating economic connectivity. It plays a vital role in meeting the growing demand for travel and ensuring equitable access for both people and goods.

Current Status and Challenges

• Transport Infrastructure Deficit: Many economies in the region face significant deficits in transport infrastructure and activity, requiring continued investment and expansion.
• Modal Shift: There has been a shift from rail to road transport, with road networks expanding rapidly while rail networks have faced neglect and underinvestment.
• Urbanization and Motorization: Rapid urbanization and private vehicle ownership have led to congestion and pollution, with many Asian cities struggling to support growing travel demand.
• Environmental and Social Externalities: Road transport contributes to high levels of pollution and traffic fatalities, necessitating a focus on sustainability and safety.
• Role of the Private Sector: The private sector is becoming increasingly important in transport, especially in logistics and public transport, and ADB is expected to support this through nonsovereign operations.
• Data and Policy Gaps: Comprehensive transport data and policy frameworks are essential for informed decision-making. ADB has initiated the Asian Transport Outlook (ATO) to strengthen this knowledge base.

Key Focus Areas for Future Assistance

ADB's future transport assistance will focus on three main areas:

1. Integrated Transport Systems

   • Developing multimodal transport systems that provide equitable access across rural, urban, and regional areas.
   • Supporting complex infrastructure projects such as urban metro networks, railway upgrades, and maritime connectivity.
   • Ensuring sustainable asset management and operational efficiencies.

2. Improved Accessibility

   • Enhancing accessibility for both people and goods, including cross-border travel.
   • Focusing on inclusive and affordable mobility.
   • Increasing support for urban transport modernization, including mass transit systems and active mobility modes like walking and cycling.

3. Reduced Negative Externalities

   • Minimizing environmental and social impacts, such as emissions and road crashes.
   • Aligning sector operations with international agreements, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Paris Agreement, and UN Decade of Action on Road Safety.
   • Emphasizing policy development and implementation for long-term sustainable transport systems.

Operational Priorities

ADB will focus on:

• Policy-based lending and results-based lending to enhance the impact of its transport assistance.
• Institutional capacity development and governance support for DMCs.
• Knowledge development to address the growing complexity of the sector.
• Funding support for both sovereign and nonsovereign operations.
• Implementation and monitoring of sector performance to ensure effectiveness and relevance.

Differentiated Approach

ADB will adopt a differentiated approach based on the development stage of its clients:

• Early-stage DMCs will need assistance with core transport infrastructure.
• More developed DMCs will seek operational efficiencies, asset management, and reduction of externalities.

Support for Key Subsectors

• Roads: ADB remains a trusted partner in road network development. Support will focus on equitable access, sustainability, and reduction of emissions and road safety issues.
• Railways: Rail should be integrated into multimodal systems and supported with institutional and operational reforms.
• Aviation: Air travel demand is growing rapidly, especially post-pandemic. ADB will focus on sovereign and nonsovereign operations to support this growth.
• Maritime: ADB will support international and national trade routes, coastal and inter-island shipping, and inland water transport.
• Urban Transport: ADB will continue to support mass transit systems and modernization of public transport, while promoting active mobility.

Conclusion

The TSDG is a strategic document that guides ADB's transport sector assistance towards a more sustainable, efficient, and inclusive future. It emphasizes the need for policy development, knowledge sharing, and capacity building, and outlines the role of ADB in supporting the transport sector in alignment with global and regional development goals.