英文_BSI_无人机系统（UAS）与电动垂直起降飞行器（eVTOL）标准化建议_26页_2mb

报告摘要

Future Flight Standards Roadmap Summary

Core Content

The Future Flight Standards Roadmap outlines the key themes and standardization recommendations for Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft in the UK. It is designed to support the growth and industrialization of future flight technologies by aligning with regulatory frameworks and ensuring safety, scalability, and public acceptance.

The roadmap is structured around two distinct pathways – one for UAS and one for eVTOL – and is informed by the Future Flight Industry Group (FFIG) action plan. It emphasizes the importance of international standards alignment and stakeholder engagement, particularly with the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), Department for Transport (DfT), and other relevant organizations.

The standards landscape is complex, and the roadmap provides a "standards body agnostic" view, drawing from activities across all relevant aviation standards development organizations (SDOs).

Main Themes and Recommendations

1. Digital Trust and Assurance

Recommendations:
- Conduct pre-scoping work to understand gaps in standards for AI use in routine UAS BVLOS operations and autonomous eVTOL operations.
- Address security of federated architectures communicating across public networks.
- Explore AI-specific use cases defined in EASA's AI Concept Paper and industry needs.

2. Airspace Integration

Recommendations:
- Collaborate with the CAA to identify gaps in UTM service standards as acceptable means of compliance (AMC).
- Develop standards for UTM service definitions, performance, and assurance to support interoperability and cloud-based operations.
- Ensure data interoperability and secure data exchange in a federated ecosystem.
- Provide geo-awareness and geo-fencing to ensure safe airspace navigation.

3. Command, Control, and Communications (C2/C3) Link

Recommendations:
- Collaborate with the CAA to identify assurance standards for certified C2 service providers.
- Develop C2 link characteristics and performance aligned with the UAS pathway’s OSO #06.

4. Detect and Avoid (DAA)

Recommendations:
- Collaborate with the CAA to identify DAA standard gaps.
- Develop DAA standards for non-aircraft-to-aircraft hazards such as weather, terrain, and obstacles.

UAS-Specific Recommendations

Theme	Recommendations
Competency	1. Collaborate with the CAA to understand minimum assurance requirements for assessment entities. <br> 2. Identify gaps in BVLOS remote crew competency standards. <br> 3. Substantiate maintenance competency standards for OSO #03. <br> 4. Develop competency standards for specific use cases and industry sectors. <br> 5. Develop standards for approved UAS simulators, including BVLOS-specific training.
Operations	1. Identify gaps in operational standards to complement the Light UAS Operator Certificate. <br> 2. Conduct pre-scoping on multi-crew operational procedures for OSO #16. <br> 3. Develop human factors standards for UAS operations, focusing on operator-automated system interaction.
Enterprise Safety Management and Assurance	1. Collaborate with the CAA to understand proportionate safety management and assurance for the UAS ecosystem. <br> 2. Adapt or develop standards for safety assurance and design for emerging technologies.
Flightworthiness	1. Identify gaps in flightworthiness standards for OSO #04. <br> 2. Develop design standards for system components (e.g. navigation system, flight control system). <br> 3. Develop hazard mitigation standards for OSO #24 (e.g. icing, water ingestion, hail damage). <br> 4. Continue development of BSI Flex 1904 to define environmental conditions for OSO #23.
Electronic Conspicuity	1. Collaborate with the CAA to identify gaps in standards for electronic conspicuity devices.
Class Marking	1. Confirm the outcome of the CAP 2610 regulatory review with the CAA and DfT to clarify class marking standards.

eVTOL-Specific Recommendations

Theme	Recommendations
Competency	1. Collaborate with the CAA to align standards with AAM ecosystem skills development and DfT's skills gap analysis. <br> 2. Develop operational suitability data for pilot competency, addressing aircraft design and characteristics. <br> 3. Develop maintenance competency standards for ratings on specific aircraft systems. <br> 4. Conduct pre-scoping on flight simulation training device standards.
Operations	1. Develop standards for automated ground handling (e.g. robotic loading/unloading). <br> 2. Conduct pre-scoping on human factors standards for eVTOL operations, including procedures, task design, and tools. <br> 3. Understand noise measurement standards for eVTOLs in vertiports and urban areas.
Enterprise Safety Management and Assurance	1. Follow existing safety assurance and aviation recommended practices as eVTOL certification is expected.
Airworthiness	1. Identify gaps in standards to supplement EASA SC-VTOL12 and MOC-4 SC-VTOL for airworthiness. <br> 2. Propose a standardized approach for aggregating OEM performance data to inform standards and regulatory AMC.
Vertiports	1. Define standards for vertiport design, build, and operations with CAA, DfT, and the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. <br> 2. Identify gaps in fire safety standards for vertiports with the CAA and Fire Protection Association. <br> 3. Identify gaps in security standards for vertiports with CAA, Home Office, and DfT. <br> 4. Develop global interoperability standards for vertiport operators, including standard procedures and communication protocols. <br> 5. Develop standards for eVTOL ground handling at vertiports, including battery charging and swap procedures.
Energy Infrastructure	1. Develop standards for energy supply, storage, and distribution at vertiports. <br> 2. Enable interoperability and harmonization for battery technology charging across OEMs.
Manufacturing	1. Conduct pre-scoping on additive manufacturing quality management for safety-critical components. <br> 2. Understand testing standards for safety-critical components produced through additive manufacturing. <br> 3. Identify repair and maintenance standards for new materials used in safety-critical components.

Key Takeaways and Call to Action

Collaboration between BSI, CAA, and DfT is essential to accelerate innovation and align standards with emerging regulations.
Standards must be used as acceptable means of compliance (AMC) to ensure consistency and certainty in regulatory compliance.
Standards support innovation at all TRLs, from research to commercial deployment.
Standards are crucial for:
- Harmonization and interoperability of new technologies and services.
- Investor and insurer confidence as the market scales.
- Public trust and acceptance, supporting the social licence to operate.
Stakeholder engagement, especially with start-ups and scale-ups, is necessary to raise awareness and ensure standards are relevant and accessible.

Methodology and Scope

The roadmap is based on a common framework from the FFIG action plan.
It includes 10 themes for UAS and 11 themes for eVTOL.
Each theme includes published and in-development standards, and regulatory references where relevant.
The themes align with:
- ICAO AAM Symposium topics (September 2024).
- UK policy pillars from the CAA's CAP 3038.
The roadmap is standards body agnostic, drawing from activities across aviation SDOs.

Conclusion

The BSI Future Flight Standards Roadmap is a strategic tool to support the UK’s future flight strategy, ensuring safe, scalable, and socially accepted integration of UAS and eVTOL technologies into the airspace system. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration, standardization, and alignment with international and domestic regulations. The roadmap serves as a foundation for further investment in standards development and a key enabler for the next phase of industrialization in the future flight sector.

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